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Factors affecting the initial literacy development of urban and rural learners in the Iganga district, Uganda
(Per Linguam : a Journal of Language Learning, 2005-01-01) Banda, Felix; Kirunda, Rebecca
The initial motivation for the study was data from the Ministry of Education in Uganda that suggests that in terms of academic performance, urban learners continually outperform rural schools at primary and secondary school levels (Ministry of Education 2002). At present all government examinations are written in English. However, the language in education policy in Uganda differentially stipulates the use English as medium of instruction in urban schools and the use of the mother tongue in rural schools (cf. Kyeyune 2004). Other factors which mitigate against rural learners' successful academic performance are untrained educators, poor infrastructure and school management practices in rural schools, poverty, lack of supportive academic discourse practices, and a general lack of enthusiasm among rural parents (most of whom have very little formal education) for their children's education. Using data from observations of selected urban and rural homes and schools in The Iganga district and field notes in the form of diary entries, the study draws on New Literacy Studies (NLS) particularly the notion of literacy as social practice (Street 2001; Gee 2000; Baynham 2000, 2001), to explore the differential effect of urban and rural-based acculturation processes on the initial literacy development of learners. Finally, since 88% of Ugandans live in rural areas (Uganda Bureau of Statistics 2002), the pedagogical implications for primary schools are discussed and suggestions are made on how to establish an inclusive education system.
Risk factors for helminth infections and effects of participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation on intestinal helminths in children under five in Luweero district, Uganda
(Makerere University (unpublished work), 2006-03) Dumba Robinah
Luweero district health records reveal high cases of intestinal worm infections that take third or fourth position among the top IO diseases in the out-patient diagnoses. Helminthiasis has caused morbidity ranging from 5.0% to 9% in recent years 1997 to 2004 in the under fives in the district. Despite this position, neither the cause of the high prevalence nor the impact of any intervention had been investigated. A three-phased study to assess the effect of Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation methodology (PHAST) on intestinal helminths in children less than five years was therefore carried out in 19 villages of Luweero district in Uganda, for 3 years ending April 2003. Phase l was a cross-sectional descriptive baseline survey that investigated the prevailing helminth status and risk factors that promote helminth transmission. Stools from 727 children were examined for presence of helminth ova using Kato/Katz technique and questionnaires administered to all respondents. Phase 2 investigated the viability of PHAST intervention in controlling helminthiasis: PHAST training was conducted thrice in the experimental villages while all the subjects in the study were dewormed with a single oral dose of 400-mg albendazole depending on age. Phase 3 was a follow up on the effect of the intervention. Overall, there was a prevalent rate of27.6% (201/727) of children in(ected with helminth ova; with an arithmetic mean of965.0 eggs per gram of faeces (epg). Out of201 children, 82.0% were infected with Ancylostoma duodenale and/or Necator americanus, 18.9% with Ascaris lumbricoides, 7.0% with Trichuris trichiura, 1.0% with Enterobius vermicularis, and 0.5% with Hymenolepis nana. Risk factors strongly associated with helminth infections included methods of anal cleaning, methods of hand washing after Latrine visits: maintenance of compounds and latrines, rearing of pigs as well as age of the subjects.
Tobacco and Christianity a case study on the impact of tobacco growing on Anglican Christianity in Madi/West Nile diocese
(Kyambogo University {un published work}, 2007-06) Tayua Simei, Nelson
The study highlights the impact of growth of tobacco on the Anglican Church, in Madi West Nile Diocese and in Arua District in particular from 1940s up to today. Chapter one focuses on the general introduction of the study, it clarifies the aim of the study, its importance, the methods used for the study and problems encountered during the research. Chapter two focuses on the growth of tobacco in Madi Nile west Nile Diocese and in Arua District in particular. It covers the whole season from sowing the seeds in the nursery beds, transplanting and maintaining the crops in the field, harvesting and curing the tobacco leaves. It also highlights the pests and diseases of tobacco and their control. The purpose of this chapter is to show the intensity of work in Tobacco growing. Chapter three talks about the impact of tobacco, not only on the Christians, but on the whole community in Madi/West Nile diocese and Arua district in particular. In the chapter is mentioned the positive and negative impacts of tobacco and the various diseases caused by tobacco, i.e. lung cancer etc. caused by the use of tobacco, mainly caused by smoking. Chapter four focuses on the different responses/attitudes of the different groups of people to the existence and growth of tobacco in Arua district. This includes attitudes and the preaching of the church. Chapter five as the end of-1he study, comprises of conclusions and suggestions or recommendations. It covers the positive and negative impacts of tobacco growing in Madi/ West Nile Diocese. On the positive side, tobacco growing in Madi/ West Nile diocese has led to education of some people. Some money and vehicles have been brought into the Diocese because of the presence of tobacco in Arua district. has also negative impacts in Madi /West Nile Diocese and in Arua district in particular, such as deforestation, and change of weather. There is also misuse of
Masculinity and gender stereotyping in selected novels by Ugandan female writers
(Kyambogo University (unpublished work), 2010-05) Timbyanga, xavier katunda
Many Ugandan women writers have asserted that although in the sixties and seventies Uganda was producing phenomenal works of literature, "women voice were clearly missing" (Feminist Africa). According to Mary Karooro. the absence of voices of women "has resulted into an omission of women's experiences from the literary and cultural heritage that shape the society" (Karooro). As a response to this gender inequality and distortion, in the Ugandan context, Ugandan women writers resorted to the pen to rewrite their story. Given the recent dominance of female writers on the Ugandan scene under FEMRITE, the study attempts to examine how Ugandan female writer portra) the desires. anxieties, perception and expectations about masculinity. Attention has been paid on how the Ugandan women writers have tried to use their works of literature to straighten the record in the face of some of the previous writing (by men) which had painted the picture of an all male society" (Kiyimba 32). The research was library based and involved analyzing selected novels of some Ugandan female writers who write under the umbrella of FEMRITE. Barungi·s Cassandra. Kyomuhendo·s Whispers From Vera. The First Daughter and Karooro ·s Child of A Delegute and The invisible Weelil were used as primary sources. Other novels by these authors were used as secondary sources alongside works of various authors. The study addresses itself to the causes and kinds of gender stereotypes and points out both the negative and positive effects of these explicit and implicit gender stereotypes on society. It investigates in details gender power relations from the social. political and economic points of view in the Ugandan context. Chapter one shows how the subordination of women has been popularized by patriarchy through empowerment of men over women. It reveals how power imbalances in society has led to the oppression and stereotyping of women. The chapter shows women's argument that the oppression of women by men has been extended into their works of literature in form of distortions of images of women. The chapter also highlights the birth of the FEMRITE group of writers in Uganda as a response to the male dominated literary landscape. It shows how these writers came on stage to rewrite the story of women from the women's point of view in order to clear the image of women. It shows how in the process of correcting the distorted image of women the image of men has also
An economic history of Nandi district in western Kenya under colonial rule 1894-1963
(Kyambogo University [unpublished work], 2010-10) Jepkemboi, Anne
The study examines economic change in Nandi District during the colonial period. It traces the economic history of pre-colonial Nandi, from the nineteenth century to the time of independence in 1963. It comprises of six chapters. Chapter one revolves around the geographical location of Nandi district and its inhabitants. It highlights the various views of different scholars on Nandi economy. The statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, justification of the study as well as the scope of the study are all stated in this chapter. The chapter also states the hypotheses on which the study rests. It presents the methods used and the challenges faced during the course of the study. The second chapter analyses the migration and settlement of the Nandi in the district and their pre-capitalist mode of production. This chapter gives evidence which suggests that the Nandi indigenous economy was dynamic, efficient and productive. Chapter three highlights the establishment of colonial rule in Nandi. It analyses the impact of colonial policies on Nandi pre-colonial economy and examines the responses and adaptations of the Nandi to the new market opportunities. The chapter also examines the impact of World War I on Nandi economy. The fourth chapter focuses on the impact of colonial policies on Nandi economy during the inter-war period. It discusses the colonial economic policy and the responses of the Nandi during the period. It examines the economic changes introduced by the colonial government and continuity of pre-colonial economy. The social differentiation which ensued among the Nandi is also discussed. Chapter five analyses the economic development in Nandi during World War II and the impact of the war on Nandi economy. The chapter also discusses the responses of the Nandi in the period from the end of the war to independence in 1963. Chapter six gives the final conclusion to the study and comes up with some recommendations which help in the formulation of economic policies by showing how past efforts and actions operate to present economic difficulties.
Assessment of health-related fitness status of 6-9 Year old primary school pupils in Mukono and Wakiso districts, central Uganda
(Kenyatta University (unpublished work), 2010-11) Nsibambi, Constance A. N
Despite a world-wide increase in health-related diseases and conditions among children, little information is known about the children's health-related fitness status in Uganda. Assessment of the fitness status of pupils aged between 6 and 9 years in Mukono and Wakiso districts in central Uganda was conducted using physical fitness testing. The study also determined their level of engagement in physical activities. A cross-sectional survey research design was used to assess four health-related fitness components. These were cardiovascular endurance using a 9-minute run test, body composition using BMI method, low back flexibility using the sit and reach test and abdominal muscular strength/ endurance using the s it up test. The target population comprised of 25,500 school children drawn from public and private schools. Four thousand pupils formed the sample for the study. The actual sample consisted of 1929 pupils with 922 day scholars and 1,007 in boarding schools. Data was analysed using frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation and one way analysis of variance at 0.05 level of significance. The AAHPERD (1980) percentiles and the WHO (2007) CDC-BMI for sex- age-growth charts percentiles to determine the fitness status of the pupils. The results showed that out of the 922 day scholars 250 (27. l %) had weak cardiovascular endurance, 27 (2.9%) were underweight, while 58 (6.3%) were overweight, 29 (3.1 %) were obese; 707 (76.7%) had poor flexibility and 798 (86.5%) had weak abdominal muscles. On the other hand, out of the l 007 pupils in boarding schools 307 (30.5%) had weak cardiovascular endurance, 50 (5%) were underweight, while 79 (7.8%) were overweight, 50 (5%) were obese, 824 (81.8%) had poor flexibility and 814 (80.9%) had weak abdominal muscles. The results revealed significant differences in cardiovascular endurance, body composition and abdominal muscular strength/endurance between day and boarding pupils (p>0.05) with day scholars having higher mean distance run scores, lower mean BMI scores and lower mean sit up scores. There were no significant differences in the mean sit and reach scores between day and boarding pupils. However, majority of pupils achieved the recommended standard for the cardiovascular endurance and normal body composition. There were also significant gender differences in all the health-related fitness components. The boys had higher mean distance run scores, lower mean BMI scores, lower mean sit and reach scores and higher mean sit up scores. This implies that more boys had better cardiovascular endurance, normal weight and better muscular strength/endurance than girls. On the other hand, more girls were flexible than boys. The study revealed that the pupils demonstrated poor health-related fitness status especially in abdominal muscular endurance and low back flexibility. The study al so revealed that most pupils met the recommended 60 minutes of daily physical activity although the activities they engaged in were not appropriate enough to develop most of the health related fitness components. It is recommended that more physical activities that develop the health-related fitness should be integrated in the school curriculum and children need to engage in more active behaviours.
Learner support systems in enhancing the delivery of distance learning programmes for in-service teacher education in Uganda: the case of Kyambogo University
(Kenyatta University (unpublished work), 2011-05) Otto, Aron Yona
The focus of this research study was on learner support systems in enhancing the delivery of distance learning programmes for in-service teacher education in Uganda: the case of Kyambogo University. The study recognizes the development of distance learning in Uganda in general and the use of distance learning in improving the training of teachers in particular. The study stresses the need for better trained teachers whose roles are changed from being expositors to that of facilitators of learning activities. Such teachers must be provided with an educational environment which is conducive to learning, replete with resources of various kinds, print-based, audio visual, ICT and mechanical devices where possible to support such learners. This study was carried out in nine Primary Teachers' Colleges co-coordinating centres. These are: Kibuli, Busuubizi, Nkokonjeru, CTK Gulu, Lodonga, Kabwangasi, Bukedea, lbanda and Kiyoora. The research design used was cross-sectional survey. This design helped the researcher to gather information from different categories of samples at the same time. The primary data was collected by use of questionnaires, interview and observation tools. The secondary data was obtained from reference books, magazines, journals, periodicals and internet materials. A total of 420 respondents were used for the study. The data collected were analysed using both qualitative and quantitative methods in an inter-complementary manner. Qualitative analysis was used to analyse views of the respondents, while quantitative data were entered into the computer and analysis was done using computer statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The results of the study revealed a number of challenges associated with learner support system in enhancing the delivery of distance learning programmes at Kyambogo University. The key challenges the study identified were, lack of provision of a variety of learner support services, poor facilitation skills by lecturers, lack of library uses by the distance learners, poor co-ordination of the distance learning activities between Kyambogo University and the PTC co-coordinating centres, delay in release of results and lack of Government involvement in supporting distance education programmes in Uganda. In view of these challenges, key recommendations were made, notable are that, Kyambogo University should review its learner support services to improve programme delivery systems, study materials be provided in time for the distance learners to access, staff training in distance education should be enhanced and effective guidance and counseling services be provided to improve support services. Prompt release of results to the distance learners should be done timely to encourage them to work harder in their studies. Above all, practical work and library facilities should be made available for the learners and facilitators to access and utilize in order to improve teaching and learning at a distance.
Higher educational programmes in the development of Uganda cases of development studies programmes of Uganda martyrs and Makerere universities
(Uganda Martyrs University (unpublished work), 2011-06) Lubaale, Grace
The study is on the Higher Educational programmes in the development of Uganda. This is because in recent years, Higher Education (HE) has received considerable attention from major development agents like the World Bank, governments, public and private sector agents plus families having been widerrated for some time yet vital in the area of training human resource and research. In Uganda, enrolment in HE has increased more than 1000 % in the last three decades with more than 200 programmes in the 28 universities by 2008. The study specifically focuses on the Development Studies (OS) programmes of UMU and MUK whose graduates are meant to propel development in Uganda yet gaps in the development process are still evident. Tben:fore, the study aimed at examining the curriculum, pedagogy, assessment, contributions, challenges and opportunities of OS programmes in the development of Uganda. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed so as to provide the necessary triangulation for getting a more composite data to articulate better the findings. Further, a descriptive research design specifically a case study was adopted in order to secure in-depth data regarding OSprogrammes and graduates. The study used a sample size of 24S respondents using research instruments of a semi-stJUCtured questionnaire, interview guide, discussion guide, and check list. The study found out that graduates are making contributions to the development of Uganda panly because of HE. However, there are still gaps in the development process which graduates have not been able to close because of the limitations in the curriculum, pedagogy and assessment techniques,and the existence of internal and external challenges affecting them. The study identified the following opportunities for OS programmes as; a new area of study, able to attract sponsorship, wide range of employment opportunities, and increased number of applicants. The study made the following recommendations ; improve on the inputs process-outputs of education, scholastic materials, establish a development Think Tank, tighten admission criteria, academic staff, and tutor-students mentoring. The study concludes by recommending for curriculum review which will reflect the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains in order to produce more competent graduates for the development of Uganda.
The challenges facing the clergy of church of Uganda Case study: Mukono diocese (1984-2010)
(Kyambogo University (un published work), 2011-11) Kiwanuka, Dunstan Mazinga
The study set out to identify the major cultural background in relation with the challenges faced by the clergy in Mukono Diocese, as well as to establish their plausible remedies. By their social status, Clergy are a special spiritual group in society who are expected to help the community meet their social, physical and spiritual needs. However, the many challenges have not enabled the clergy in Mukono Diocese to play their social role very effectively. Chapter one discussed the background of the study, mission statement of the Diocese, role and position of the clergy, statement of the problem, Hypotheses, Objectives of the study, Scope, significance of the study, Literature review, methodology, research limitations and delimitations, as well as defined the operational key terms of the study. Chapter two discussed the major ethnic group and early missionary activities. Focus was put in the origins, religion, economy, marriage, death and social characteristics of the Baganda. The early missionary work in Uganda was also taken note of especially the Diocese of Uganda (1897-1961), the province of the church of Uganda, and the number of church of Uganda adherents as given by the 2002 population census. Chapter three discussed the financial and administrative challenges of the clergy in Mukono Diocese. Here the researcher's main emphasis was put on the causes of these challenges in the Diocese. Chapter four discussed the pastoral challenges of the clergy. These are challenges that arise out of the clergy's attitudes towards their career, how they relate with their
A comparative analysis of the representation of statecraft in Shakespeare and Ruganda's plays Julius Caesar and the Floods
(Kyambogo University [unpublished work], 2012-09) Namusisi, Justine Lugoloobi
This study compared the representation of statecraft in Shakespeare's play, Julius Caesar, and Ruganda's play, The Floods. The study focused on the dramatists' perception of what is involved in the political processes. Generally, the study was library-based, and employed a qualitative approach in its examination, analysis and interpretation of the political issues in the plays. The theme of statecraft1 in Julius Caesar and The Floods was examined under two major sub-themes: politics and violence. Politics was further analyzed under the categories of political personnel and political experiences, namely: friendship and betrayal, futility of independence, and manipulation of the common people. The theme of violence was analyzed under the categories: repression, wars and coups, sexual violence, and the consequences of political violence. It was observed in the background to the study that the two playwrights greatly draw on the social and political milieu of their respective societies. Shakespeare wrote his play, Julius Caesar, in the l 5th- l 6th century, to portray the political climate in England which was characterised by struggles. Similarly, Ruganda was informed by the social and political forces of the Amin regime of 1971- 1979, to write his play, The Floods. The study employed both T.S. Eliot (1888-1965) idea of the 'timelessness of art2, expressed in his essay 'Tradition and the Individual Talent' and Reader-Response theory3 in its comparative analysis of a new writer, Ruganda, to an old writer, Shakespeare. From the Reader-Response point of view, the research argued that Ruganda 'misread4, Shakespeare's Julius Caesar. In other words, he saw the Ugandan political atmosphere with the lenses of the Roman world depicted in Julius Caesar, itself a camouflaged reflection of the Elizabethan England. The study identified common grounds in the representation of the political atmosphere, modes employed in attaining and sustaining power, and the dramaturgy of presenting political violence in the plays, Julius Caesar and The Floods. The study established that Julius Caesar and The Floods have commonalities in the representation of political figures, practices and experiences. The study also logically argued that the two texts share content and methods of representing the theme of political violence. It was therefore concluded that Ruganda 'misread' Shakespeare's Julius Caesar when he wrote his play, The Floods. But the study also discovered unique areas in the dramaturgy employed in presenting the themes of the plays.
A history of the logbari clans of west Nile 1000-1925 A.D.
(Kyambogo University [unpublished work], 2012-10) Ijoyi, Lazarus
This study treats the history of the Logbari clans of West Nile from the year 1000-1925 A.D. It analyses mainly the question of the origin of the society that became known as Logbari. It focuses on the ethnic constitution which gave rise to the identity of a people who became known as the Logbari, of West Nile in northern Uganda. The study is divided into five main chapters, the sixth being a short general conclusion. Chapter one is the introduction to the work. It covers the general and overall account of the research. Chapter two focuses on the historical background of the various groups of people who became known as the Logbari in West Nile sub region of Uganda. It examines and analyses the main ethnic groups to which the ancestors of the Logbari originally belonged, and from which they came. It is an attempt to determine the number of the main clans that constitute the people known as the Logbari of West Nile. Chapter three traces the migration and settlement of the ancestors of the Logbari and their descendants in West Nile. The fourth chapter deals with the socio-cultural, political and economic development of the people who became known as the Logbari. Chapter five examines the first encounters of the Logbari with the foreign people, especially, the Arabs, the Belgians and the British up to the year 1925. Finally, the sixth chapter is a short general conclusion to the whole work. It gives an overview of who the Logbari are.
Differential returns from globalization to women smallholder coffee and food producers in rural Uganda
(AJOL: African Health Sciences., 2013) Kanyamurwa, JM; Wamala, S; Baryamutuma, R; Kabwama, E; Loewenson, R
Globalization-related measures to liberalize trade and stimulate export production were applied in Uganda in the late 1980s, including in the coffee production sector, to revitalize agricultural production, increase incomes to farmers and improve rural food security. Objective: To explore the different effects of such measures on the health and dietary outcomes of female coffee and food small holder farmers in Uganda. Methods: We gathered evidence through a cross-sectional comparative interview survey of 190 female coffee producers and 191 female food producers in Ntungamo district. The study mostly employed quantitative methods of data collection, targeting the sampled households. We also utilized qualitative data; collected three months after the household survey data had been collected and their analysis had been accomplished. Using qualitative interviews based on an unstructured interview guide, extra qualitative information was collected from key informants at national, district and community levels. This was among other underlying principles to avoid relying on snapshot information earlier collected at household level in order to draw valid and compelling conclusions from the study. We used indicators of production, income, access to food and dietary patterns, women’s health and health care. Of the two groups selected from the same area, female coffee producers represented a higher level of integration into liberalised export markets. Results: Document review suggests that, although Uganda’s economy grew in the period, the household economic and social gains after the liberalization measures may have been less than expected. In the survey carried out, both food and coffee producers were similarly poor, involved in small-scale production, and of a similar age and education level. Coffee producers had greater land and livestock ownership, greater access to inputs and higher levels of income and used a wider variety of markets than food producers, but they had to work longer hours to obtain these economic returns, and spent more cash on health care and food from commercial sources. Their health outcomes were similar to those of the food producers, but with poorer dietary outcomes and greater food stress. Conclusions: The small-scale women farmers who are producing food cannot rely on the economic infrastructure to give them support for meaningful levels of production. However, despite having higher incomes than their food producing counterparts, the evidence showed that women who are producing coffee in Uganda as an export commodity cannot rely on the income from their crops to guarantee their health and nutritional wellbeing, and that the income advantage gained in coffee-producing households has not translated into consistently better health or food security outcomes. Both groups have limited levels of autonomy and control to address these problems.
Factors influencing the changing urban land use Patterns in mbale municipality since 1995.
(Kyambogo University [unpublished work], 2013-03) Gesa, Ali
This study focused on the factors influencing the changing Urban land use patterns in Mbale Municipality since 1995. There were three main objectives set in the study, that is, to describe the previous and current land use patterns in Mbale Municipality since 1995, to examine the underlying causes and effects of the changing urban land use patterns in Mbale Municipality since 1995, and to establish the relationship between urban land uses and Mbale urban structure plans or schemes for 1954 and 1997. Purposive sampling method was used to arrive at the samples for the study. A population of study was selected. They included business community (commercials), homesteads, industrialists and planners. Observation, questionnaires and interviews guides were the major research instruments used. Observation was used especially on observing the current land use changes. Questionnaires and interview guides were administered to collect data from the sampled categories • of people in Mbale Municipality. Documentary review was used to supplement on primary data obtained from interviews and questionnaires. The data was analyzed using frequency distribution, percentages, Tables, pie charts, graphs, maps and photographs. Previously, before 1995 low lying areas and valleys were reserved for conservation and public open spaces. Gently sloping areas were mainly for residential, administrative, institutional and commercial purposes. Currently after 1995, land uses have been mixed up in all the three divisions. You find both residential and commercial activities taking place in areas meant for industrial or conservation area. The changes in land use patterns in Mbale municipality have been influenced by mainly socio-economic factors. The effects resulting from the changing urban land use patterns are diverse which included the following: Destruction of wetland areas, encroachment on open spaces, urban farm land and land use conflicts among others. A comparison of the changes in land use patterns in Mbale municipality are not in line with the Mbale urban structure plans/schemes of 1954 and 1997. It was recommended that stakeholders devise measures such as implementing land use regulations among other measures to ensure proper growth of the town as it processes for a city status.
Deconstruction of the portraitures of the girl child and the boy child in the folktales, proverbs and proverbial names of the Baganda.
(Kyambogo University [unpublished work], 2013-03) Frances, Namirembe Theresa
This study is a deconstruction of the portraitures of both the girl child and the boy child in thirty selected oral works of the Baganda. The works include folktales, proverbs and proverbial names of the Baganda. Literature, like all communication reaches a wide audience in any society. It is attractive and appealing because it is often offered in the context of performance. This is why it has often been the medium of the social construction of gender. The Buganda sub-region of Uganda is no exception. In Buganda, oral literature, especially folktales, proverbs and proverbial names, has been the primary means of initiating and incorporating young boys and girls into the cultural norms and experiences. In my investigations, I was armoured with the provisions of the 1995 Constitution of Uganda on human rights, the demands of children's literature, the required international standards of children's literature, the role of literature in development and the modem trends of thought: like gender main streaming. My analysis of the selected works reveals that the oral literature of the Baganda involves deep seated gender disparities engraved in an age-old patriarchal system. Although folk tales, proverbs and proverbial names of the Baganda have groomed their fore-parents from time immemorial, the same literature has subjected the girl child/woman to multiple forms of oppression, repression, exploitation and discrimination. To the boy child, the oral literature of the Baganda has apparently skewed positive attributes. Informed by the tripartite theories of deconstruction, post-colonial feminism and reader response, the study undertook the deconstruction of the social constructs of the girl and the boy child characters in the selected folktales and proverbs of the Baganda. The study unearthed embedded contradictions and lies in what appears to be the negative and apparently positive images of girl and boy children respectively. The study proposes new ways of writing folktales, proverbs and sayings to offset the gender imbalances in the oral literature of the Baganda in general.
History of girl child education in Buganda kingdom 1925-1997
(Kyambogo University [unpublished work], 2013-06) Salma, Nakakuta
This dissertation is about the history and development of girl child education in Buganda from 1925-1997. lt is mainly concerned with the development of girl child education from the coming of foreigners and the historical developments during the colonial period to the post colonial period to 1997 when the National Resistance Government introduced Universal Primary Education [UPE]. It mainly looks at the efforts towards improving the education of the girl child and challenges faced by the endeavour. Chapter one of this dissertation deals with the general background of the study including a brief history of Buganda kingdom. It gives the general background of the coming of Arabs and Europeans to Uganda and the development of formal education in Buganda. It further covers the statement of the problem, scope of the study, objectives and significance of the study. lt also contains hypothesis, literature review and research methodology. Chapter two covers the nature of indigenous education given to the girl child in Buganda. It concentrates on where the teaching and learning was conducted. It discusses the curriculum and content, teachers and methods of teaching during the informal stage of education. Chapter three discusses the coming of formal education. It deals with the coming of Arabs and the different missionary groups to Uganda. It further deals with their efforts to educate the girl child and the challenges they faced. Chapter four of this dissertation deals with further historical developments of education. It mainly deals with the steps taken by the colonial government to improve the education of girls in Buganda including the different commissions instituted to look into the education system within the period 1 926-196 L It further deals with the challenges faced in improving the education of the girl child. Chapter five discusses the historical development of girl child education during the post-colonial period and the challenges faced. Lastly, Chapter six concludes that the process of girl child education has been a concern of all governments in Uganda. The education of the girl has not been totally achieved mainly because of the cultural beliefs among the Baganda.
Changing gender relations and poverty levels in Uganda during the 1979-2007 war: a case study of Madi people of North West Nile
(Dar es salaam University (unpublished work), 2013-11) Kenyi, Gowon Lawrence
The study examined Changing Gender Relations and Poverty Levels in Uganda during 1979- 2007 wars. Overall, the study examined the extent to which the series of the prolonged war affected gender relations and poverty levels among the Madi people of North West Nile Uganda. More specifically, the study examined three aspects namely, pre- war socioeconomic political structures and poverty levels, changes in gender relations and poverty level and gender related constraints and challenges and coping strategies adopted. The study used a case study research design to closely investigate social gender relations and poverty levels. The study used both quantitative and qualitative research methods to establish correlations between key variables included in the specific objectives. A total sample size of 324 respondents including 20 leaders and officials were involved. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select respondents. The study used documentary review, questionnaires, in-depth face to face interviews, focus group discussion and key informants to provide information for the study. Overall, study findings revealed that the prolonged wars affected gender relations and poverty levels negatively at both household and community levels. Specifically, study findings revealed that patriarchal gender relations in pre-war Madi society denied women access to resources, education, credit facilities, employment and information and women participation in political activities. The wars challenged patriarchal gender identity and relations; it offered women new economic opportunities and greater responsibilities. However women gained relative economic autonomy through entrepreneur activities. Both men and women faced serious challenges during the wars and both adopted various coping strategies to respond to these challenges. The study concluded that gender relations can positively change despite the negative effect of the wars, poverty can be fought and challenges educated Madi people about new livelihood and new life style. Finally the study recommends sensitization of both men and women about changes in gender relations and poverty levels in war situation. The study contributes new knowledge about gender analysis in pre - war situations and impact of war on socio cultural gen.d er related changes. However the study recommends further research into male ego and masculinity identity crisis in war situation.
The challenges of HIV/AIDS epidemic: a case study of Namirembe Diocese, church of Uganda, 1992 – 2012.
(Kyambogo University [unpublished work], 2013-11) Kabanda, Paul Richard
An investigation of the Challenges of HIV and AIDS was conducted in Namirembe Diocese - church of Uganda. The Diocese of Namir'en1be is the oldest Diocese in the Anglican Church of the Province of Uganda. lt covers the districts of Wakiso, Kalangala (Ssese Islands) and most parts of Kampala, with 6 Archdeaconries & one Deanery, 57 Parishes, and 342 local congregations (churches). Namirembe Diocese shares boundaries with Luweero Diocese in the North, Mukono Diocese in the East and South East, in the South; it is bordered by West Buganda and Central Buganda Dioceses, in the West it is bordered by Mityana Diocese. The major Variables in the study included; Diocesan responses in terms of caring for People Living with AIDS, Support offered to HIV and AJDS Carriers in the Diocese, Church activities that PLWA are engaged in and the Diocesan involvement in HJV and AlDS activities. In order to investigate a descriptive research design was used. Methods of data Collection included; Discussions, Questionnaires and interviews as primary sources of data Collection. Documentary method and Observation methods were the ones used as secondary sources. Results indicated that HIV and AIDS awareness and Prevention strategies are very much promoted by Namirembe Diocese through various activities, 42% are health Centers that offer services on behalf of the Diocese, 18% are activities promoting Abstinence, Behavioral Change, being faithful to one trusted partner. 12% are activities promoted through Music, Dance and Drama, 4% use Sports as a medium, and 24% through training and educative seminars. Activities done in relation to HIV and AIDS programs were noted at 42% as prevention (Behavioral Change Communication, Peer education, promotion of ABC). 17 .8% as Awareness through various activities like, Information Education and Communication tools distribution; Drama, Music, Sports and Dance. Voluntary Counseling and testing was at 14.1 % this involves Voluntary Testing, and Counseling of people.
The Islamic influence on Christianity in Uganda a case study of Kampala district (1962-2013)
(Kyambogo University [unpublished work], 2013-12) Mwizerwa, Ebed
This research analyses the Islamic influence on Christianity in Uganda, a case of Kampala District. It was based on three objectives: To assess practices used by Muslims to influence Christians, analyze the main Islamic doctrines that have influenced Christians and to identify areas of cooperation between Muslims and Christians in Uganda, through which the former have influenced the latter. This study employs qualitative to investigate the said topic. Using a cross sectional research design: a sample of one hundred (100) respondents was studied through self-administered questionnaires and informal interviews. The researcher used observation, he was able to get information using critical eye and it helped him to get more facts. He also used books, websites, journals and unpublished materials. In respect to the objectives, the study found out that, Muslims use their practices to influence Christians like generosity to people they live within the community, their brotherhood and solidarity attract non-Muslims to their faith, offering scholarships, influencing Islamic culture to non Muslims in Institutions of learning and open air preaching and debates. Islamic religion requires Muslims to do the above and this challenged Christians also to wake up and do the same in their various denominations. Some Islamic doctrines have also influenced Christians like teaching about prayers, fasting, and oneness of God (monotheism) that Jesus is not son of God, teaching about marriage. Such doctrines have been used to undermine Christianity however Christians have been revived in their ministry especially in apologetics because Muslims have converted some non Muslims through their teachings. The following have been areas of cooperation between Muslims and Christians and how the former have, influenced the latter was discussed: Campaign against HIV/AIDS have been used by promoting circumcision which is one of the Islamic practices. Having radio/Television shows and Muslims emphasizing halal food. Discussion and think tank are used by Muslims to air out their Islamic ideology. Helping each other in time of calamities by Muslims especially those willing to convert to Islam. Muslims banning teaching Divinity is some schools. Marriage ceremonies, Cultural functions, Fundraisings, National events and interfaith prayers have been organized by leaders of both religions. ln such functions Muslim wishes are adhered to like avoiding drinking alcohol and eating pork. Recommendations made include: treating each other equally, developing of income generating activities, guidance and counseling, genuine friendship, Human rights to be respected, learning and respecting other people's cultures, emphasizing family planning and net working with other development partners.
The impact of urban land use practices on water quality in river Mpanga in fort-portal Municipality, Kabarole District
(Kyambogo University [unpublished work], 2014-02) Lucy, Akite
This study was conducted in Fort-Portal Municipality, Kabarole District in 2010/2013. Major aims were: identifying and mapping the different land use practices along Mpanga River in Fort-Portal Municipality; to find out the relationships between the different land use practices and the physical, biological and chemical characteristics of the water in River Mpanga in Fort-Portal Municipality in relation to land uses and to compare the quality of water in the river at inflow and outflow. Laboratory analysis of samples of river water taken on the basis of different land uses were done to determine the physical characteristics (parameters included; Total dissolve solids, Total suspended solids and Electrical conductivity). Chemical characteristics (parameters included; Bio-chemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Total Phosphate, pH, and Nitrate). Biological characteristics included; fecal coli form in order to ascertain the degree of the impact of urban land use practices on the quality of water in the river at inflow, within urban center and at outflow. Emphasis was also put to find out whether land uses within urban areas continued to affect water quality in the river when the water had left the Municipality. Survey design and purposive sampling technique were used. Methods of data collection were direct and critical field observations and observation of analysis of samples of water in the Laboratory. Statistical method of data analysis was standard deviation. Mean results got were presented in constructed tables for each land use and mean plot graphs of the reach which portrayed changes in the quality of water. Conclusively, the land uses in Fort-Portal Municipality have not impacted so much on the river water of Mpanga because most of their average values are below the National Standards with exception of Municipal abattoir where its TP is 18.37 mg/l, COD is 199.50mg/l and Animal grazing farm had a TP average value of 12.34mg/l all are above the National Standards for effluents discharge in water body. Other land use practices were environmentally friendly. The average values of all the parameters at inflow and outflow presents that there is no pollution. All the urban land uses are recommended along Mpanga River within the Municipality with the exception of animal grazing farm and Municipal abattoir because of their high TP, TSS arid COD. Continuous monitoring of water quality at Municipal abattoir by NWSC is required by use of waste Treatment Plant before discharged in the environment. Animal grazing farm need to be far away from the river in order to avoid pollution of river water by their wastes.
Disability load on households hosting children with deafblindness in Iganga, Mayunge and Jinja districts, Uganda
(Kenyatta University(un published work), 2014-04) Ojwang, Vincent P.
Unlike in the developed world, there is little documented information about children with deafblindness (CWDB) and, virtually no research has been done in Uganda regarding all aspects of deafblindness. Therefore, little is known about the disability load borne by the household and its effect on the quality of life and the educational development of the children. The purpose of the study was .to determine the nature of the di sability load in the household hosting CWDB and the resulting impact on the members. The specific objectives were to dimensionalise the di sability load, find the effects on the quality of life. the impact on the schooling path, investigate gender differences and generate a conceptual framework for improving schooling outcomes. The building of this conceptual framework was guided by other relevant existing theories. The approach of the inquiry was qualitative, using the Grounded Theory design which is appropriate for examining complex phenomenon. The method of inquiry was systematic, intended to carry out data collection procedure and analysis using constant questioning and comparison. A sample of five households was purposively selected. From every household, between four to five participants were selected to give a total of 23 participants. They were "selected because they had borne the disability load by raising and Jiving with CWDB. Two instruments were used. namely. in-depth interviews as well as observational guide. A pilot study to test the instruments, check the use of resources and increase familiarity with the procedure for inquiry was undertaken. Permission to carry out data collection was sought from the national and district authorities. Each interview was preceded by clarification of theaim of the interview and promise of confidentiality. Individual members of the household were interviewed in depth. The information was recorded using a tape recorder, while observing accompanying behavior. Internal and communication validity were ensured by constant questioning. comparison and theoretical sampling. Reliability in Grounded Theory approach was brought about by the development of concepts which were rigorously worked out to form categories. Concepts formed in this way last long and are therefore reliable. Immediately after each interview, the recorded information was transcribed. Data analysis included open, axial and selective coding. The study established that household members while hosting CWDB, experienced disability load of many dimensions, with the emotional one being the greatest. The disability load had a severe impact on the quality of life in the households as well as the schooling path of the children. The gender difference on the impact on the schooling path was detected but was not significant. The final outcome of the inquiry was a conceptual framework grounded in the data. The framework has been named the Disability Load Conceptual Framework. It is recommended that policies be developed to guide practical intervention into the socio-economic lives of household members in order to improve the schooling path of the children.

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