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Provisions of community-based rehabilitation services on inclusive education in secondary schools that enrol learners with hearing impairment in Tanzania
(International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 2025-12-08) Mbazi, Salimini; Oketch, John Baptist; Okwaput, Stackus
The study examined the provisions of Community-Based Rehabilitation services in inclusive secondary schools that enrol learners with hearing impairment in Tanzania. The objectives of the study were: (i) to analyze the CBR services offered in inclusive secondary schools that enrol learners with hearing impairment in Tanzania, (ii) to examine how CBR services are provided in secondary schools that enrol learners with hearing impairments in Tanzania. The study was guided by the social model of disability with assumptions that disability is not caused by an individual's medical condition or physical or mental impairment; instead, disability arises as a consequence of societal attitudes, physical and organizational structures. The study was underpinned by the constructivist paradigm, which employed a qualitative research approach with an exploratory case study design. Constructivists support qualitative and interpretive approaches that seek deep, contextual understanding rather than generalizable laws. The study used semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, observations and document reviews. Data were collected from a criterion-purposive sample of 27 participants (8 teachers, 3 officials from voluntary organizations, and 16 learners with hearing impairments). Data collected through interviews and focus group discussions were analyzed using a thematic analysis protocol, followed by content analysis of the reviewed documents and observations. The study found that CBR services offered in inclusive schools include sign language interpretation services, instructional materials, infrastructure development (both physical and technological), and school fee subsidies. It was further revealed that services are provided in three ways: categorically, individually, and through a whole- school approach. The study recommends that voluntary organizations should adopt a bottom-up approach, from project planning to implementation. The study further recommends that the government develop training programs for teachers to use categorical, individualized, and whole-school approaches in inclusive schools.
Supportive leadership and teachers’ team cohesion in Government-Aided secondary schools in Kayunga district, Uganda
(Interdisciplinary Journal of Education, 2025-12-31) Nakirya, Sylivia; Mugizi, Wilson; Kiryowa, Mathias
The study investigated the influence of supportive leadership on teachers’ team cohesion in government-aided secondary schools in Kayunga District, Uganda. It examined whether empowerment of subordinates, inspiring them and providing them fair treatment significantly influenced teachers’ team cohesion. Employing the quantitative approach, the study adopted a correlational research design. The study involved 209 teachers who provided data using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics revealed that the team cohesion levels of teachers and leadership support in the schools were high. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation modelling (PL-SEM) results indicated that while empowerment of subordinates by leaders and inspiring them positively and significantly influenced their team cohesion, fair treatment positively but insignificantly influenced cohesion of teachers. It was concluded that empowerment by the leaders is necessary for teachers’ cohesion, inspiration of leaders is a prerequisite for teachers’ cohesion, and high fair treatment is not necessarily essential for cohesion of teachers. The study recommends that head teachers should empower teachers to enhance their team cohesion, they should also provide inspiration to the teachers to improve their team cohesion, but should not prioritise fair treatment above other factors.
From human needs to social needs in African social work: the ubuntu perspective
(EricksonRelational Social Work, 2025-10) Balyejjusa, Senkosi Moses; Venesio Bwambale Bhangyi
This conceptual article argues that focusing on human needs as a guiding post for Africa’s social work mission creates a vacuum in understanding needs. Hence, human life is wrongly conceptualized as individualistic rather than a social phenomenon. Using the Ubuntu perspective, we articulate that an individuals’ humanity is embedded in relationships and connections with other people in the social environment. Thus, being human in Africa cannot be detached from the social. As such, our conceptual analysis proposes that the social work profession in Africa could reframe human needs as social needs. This reframing is based on four conceptual logics: the embedded-ness of being human in social relations; the knowledge of needs being social knowledge; the satisfaction of needs being social actions; and the resources-institutional framework that addresses needs being social. This reconceptualization contributes to new ways of thinking about needs and practice actions through which the society can tackle the needs of all people, thereby enhancing social work as a social justice profession.
Transactional sex, HIV testing and receipt of results among adolescents and young women: a comparative DHS analysis of the four major regions in Uganda
(AIDS and Behavior, 2026-01-20) Amuge, Grace Esther; Paulino Ariho; Peter Kisaakye; Giulia Scarpa
Transactional sex, and HIV remain significant public health concerns in Uganda, necessitating increased HIV testing and results receipt among young females who engage in transactional sex. This study aimed at examining regional variations and factors associated with transactional sex, HIV testing, and receipt of results among young women in the four major regions of Uganda. Stata version 15 was used to analyze the 2016 UDHS data set. The study applied a binary logistic regression model to examine the predictors of HIV testing and receipt of results at multivariate level. Overall, 13.5% of the young women reported engaging in transactional sex. The prevalence of HIV testing and receipt of results was highest amongst respondents who had been involved in transactional sex within Eastern Uganda (24.0%), and lowest among those in Central Uganda (7.2%). The study revealed significant predictors across regions: transactional sex, marital status, and distance to the health facility in the North; age, marital status and frequency of reading newspapers in Central; and age, working status, frequency of reading newspaper and watching television, and stigmatizing attitude in Eastern and Western regions. This study underscores the importance of region-specific programming and the need for an all-encompassing strategy to address the intricate factors driving HIV transmission among young women in Uganda. It is paramount that well designed peer education interventions tailored towards life skills development for young women engaged in transactional sex are implemented.
Tunable hydrophobic‑antimicrobial terpolymers enable long‑lasting, wash‑resistant protection of polyethylene fabrics
(Progress in Organic Coatings, 2025-12-17) Mbonimpa, Innocent; Gongxun Zhai; Mugaanire Tendo Innocent; Senlong Yu; Tianqi Jiang; Jinqi Wang; Hengxue Xiang; Meifang Zhu
The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and healthcare-associated infections has escalated the demand for advanced antibacterial materials. Polyethylene (PE) fabrics, renowned for their exceptional mechanical and barrier properties, have garnered significant attention in personal protective equipment (PPE). However, their susceptibility to bacterial contamination presents a considerable challenge. While dopamine-based copolymer coatings have been explored for imparting antibacterial properties, they often induce an undesirable increase in hydrophilicity, thereby compromising the hydrophobicity and barrier performance of PE fabrics. To address this limitation, we developed terpolymers synthesized via free radical polymerization, comprising dopamine methacrylamide (DMA), butyl methacrylate (BMA), and vinyl pyridine (VP), followed by quaternization with hexyl bromide. By systematically varying the BMA/VP ratios while maintaining a constant DMA content, five distinct terpolymer compositions were synthesized. The incorporation of hydrophobic BMA and hexyl groups effectively counteracted the inherent hydrophilicity of DMA, resulting in PE fabrics with water contact angles exceeding 85°. The antibacterial efficacy of the coated fabrics against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis remained consistently above 99.9 % after 50 laundry cycles, demonstrating the coating's exceptional durability. Additionally, the fabrics exhibited a tensile strength of 32.4 MPa, excellent biocompatibility, and reduced air permeability, positioning them as promising candidates for long-term use in protective clothing.