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Adaptive Leadership in Public Universities in Uganda: A Systematic Literature Review
(2025-02-10) George, W. Kasule
This study through a systematic literature review explored adaptive leadership status, the rationale for adaptive leadership, and the challenges facing embracing adaptive leadership in public universities in Uganda. The literature search process consisted of inclusion and exclusion criteria and the development of a search strategy. Fourteen (14) articles were found to have relevant information on adaptive leadership status, the rationale for adaptive leadership, and challenges facing embracing adaptive leadership in higher educational institutions in Uganda. The findings reveal that adaptive leadership in public universities in Uganda is almost non-existent. This is buttressed by the fact that these universities have perpetually failed to solve most of the challenges they face, let alone demonstrating high levels of ineffectiveness in their operations. The study findings also divulge that the rationale for embracing adaptive leadership in public universities in Uganda includes but is not limited to: addressing complexity and uncertainty; enhancing institutional effectiveness; fostering a culture of collaboration and inclusivity; and developing capacity for sustainability and resilience. The study further discloses that some of the notable challenges encumbering embracing of adaptive leadership in public universities in Uganda comprise: limited financial, human and, material resources; excessive bureaucratic structures; and resistance to change by employees. The paper concludes, thus, that the absence of adaptive leadership in public universities in Uganda is worrying, hence, urgent mitigation measures need to be taken owing to the fact that adaptive leadership is critical to help public universities have the ability to cope with change in their operations almost on the daily basis. The study recommends that university leaders and managers make deliberate efforts to familiarise themselves with adaptive leadership principles through relevant professional development programmes. Institutionalise adaptive leadership as well as adopting appropriate administrative structures that ensure: clear lines of authority and decision-making; effective communication and collaboration across units; efficient resource allocation and management; strong governance and accountability; and flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances and priorities.
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Nutritional, phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities of the red and white malakwang (hibiscus species) leaves
(African scholarly science communications trust, 2025-01-29) Ojera, GMA; Magala-Nyago; Byaruhanga YB; CMBK Muyanja
Malakwang (Hibiscus species) is a common vegetable in Uganda diets. This study established the nutritional, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant activities of the red and white malakwang leaves. Malakwang leaves were harvested six weeks after germination. Nutrients and phytochemicals were quantified and qualified using the methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) and HighPerformance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant activity was determined using the 2, 2- Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging method. The quantity of crude fat was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the white malakwang leaf samples (6.9 %) than the red (3.3%). The red had significantly higher (p<0.05) quantities of calcium (1753.6 mg), magnesium (1814.4 mg), iron (233.4 mg), vitamin A (RE) (952.7 µg) and vitamin E (22.8) per 100 g when compared to the 1522.2 mg, 1297.9 mg, 179.7 mg, 857.6 µg, and 16.8 µg, respectively for the white malakwang leaves. The white malakwang leaf samples had higher (p<0.05) quantities of flavonoids (25.7 %) and alkaloids (5.5) than the 20.7 % and 2.1 %, respectively for the red malakwang leaves. The red malakwang leaf extract had more mucilage and coumarin contents than the white malakwang leaves. The white and red leaf extracts scavenged 61.3% and 52.7% of DPPH radicals, respectively, which are similar to the 62.2% scavenged by vitamin C. Malakwang leaves could significantly contribute to dietary intake of crude fibre, essential oil, calcium, magnesium, zinc, vitamin A (RE), C and E and phytochemicals hence suggesting a correlation with the cultural health claims for improving breast milk production, appetite, immunity and healing of sores and wounds. Further studies on the evaluation of nutrients and phytochemicals in malakwang leaves are recommended to approve the results of this study. Experimental trials in humans could be performed to evidence the effect of malakwang leaves on breast milk production and healing of sores and wounds. Also, the determination of essential fatty acids and the effect of preparation and postharvest methods are recommended for further studies.
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‘I no longer worry about money for transport to the health centre’ - economic empowerment of caregivers of children living with HIV through Village Savings and Loan Associations: experiences and lessons from the ’Towards an AIDS Free Generation Program in Uganda (TAFU)’
(BMC Health Services Research, 2025-02-04) Joseph, Rujumba; Carmen Roebersen; Susan Namara; Richard Ochen; Sharon Eva Ahumuza; Allen Tushabe; Mathias Akugizibwe; David Bitira; Innocent Mwesigye; Stella Kentusi; Henry Zakumumpa; Japheth Kwiringira; Merian Natukwatsa Musinguzi
Background In Uganda, social economic challenges continue to hinder attainment of HIV prevention and treatment targets for children. Aidsfonds and partners in Uganda implemented an eight-year ‘Towards an AIDS Free Generation in Uganda’ (TAFU) programme in central, western and eastern, Uganda with Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs) as a key component. In this paper we document experiences of caregivers, children and health workers and lessons learnt from VSLAs as part of the TAFU programme in Uganda. Methodology A qualitative case study was conducted between July and August 2022 in Ntungamo, Kyenjojo Mityana, Mubende and Soroti, districts. Data were collected through 31 focus group discussions (FGDs) with VSLA members, children and adolescents living with HIV, networks of people living with HIV and Village Health Team members (VHTs). In addition, we conducted 11 interviews with children and their caregivers at TAFU supported health facilities as well as 43 interviews with health workers and district ofcials involved in HIV programming. Content thematic approach was used for data analysis. Results The VSLAs under the TAFU programme were a source of economic resources in form of loans for income generation activities and to pay for health care costs which facilitated access to HIV care for children. Members developed lasting friendships and networks of support which helped them to meet the material and psychological needs of children. The VSLA groups provided safe spaces for caregivers to share challenges and to learn more about HIV prevention and treatment from expert clients which improved the care for children living with HIV. Group training,
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One bird, one stone: professionalization of sport structures as a strategy for harnessing elite sport success in Uganda
(Sport in Society, 2025-01-22) Emmanuel, Sebata
This paper explores the significance of professionalization of sport in harnessing elite sport success in Uganda’s sport system. The study adopted qualitative and case study designs involving an exhaustive review of literature; in-depth semi-structured interview data analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that professionalization unblocks the channels for improved sporting training, competition, and performance; at elite sport events while at the same time triggering other unanticipated cross-level ‘ripple’ effects that buttress Uganda’s elite sport success. The professionalization process has however been punctuated by eminent barriers. This paper argues that professionalizing Uganda’s sport structures not only boosts the medal winning potential but also maximize its chances of tapping into the interminable benefits including; reducing amateur structures, bolstering mass sport, competitive and elite sport participation, raising the revenue generation potential of sports, and improving the general success on the pitch, all of which maximize sport contribution to Uganda’s economy.
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Development and evaluation of a sustainable solar cooker for operations in Uganda
(African Journal of Emerging Issues, 2025-01-27) Steven, Sebunya; AlMas Sendegeya; Maureen Nalubowa Ssempijja
Purpose of the Study: The research focused on developing and evaluating a solar cooker as a sustainable energy solution to address the cooking needs in Africa, using Uganda as a case study. Statement of the Problem: While solar energy technologies have the potential to enhance energy sustainability and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, current solar cookers face limitations in addressing local cooking habits, energy demands, and geographical conditions in Uganda. Methodology: The research established energy requirements for cooking based on common food types, average household size, and average solar irradiation in Uganda. A solar box cooker was designed and modeled using SOLIDWORKS software. Material selection and cost analysis were conducted for economic feasibility, and the optical and thermal performance was analyzed using COMSOL Multi-Physics software. A prototype was constructed using locally available materials to assess manufacturability and cost implications. Results: A box-type solar cooker was developed with inner reflector walls at an optimal angle and internal insulation for better heat retention and efficiency. The cooker, with an aperture area of 0.1897 m², meets the thermal requirements for cooking common foods in major regions of Uganda. All materials used are locally available, making the cooker appropriate, sustainable, and affordable. Conclusion: The proposed solar cooker offers a viable alternative to traditional cooking methods in Uganda. It effectively cooks common foods, is cost-effective, and provides environmental benefits, reducing reliance on charcoal.