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Relationship between physical activity and body fat distribution among university students in Uganda
(African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition & Development,Aug2025, 2025-08) Namayengo, M. M. F; Nadunga, E.; Ruma, D. H.
Physical activity and lifestyle choices together influence the accumulation and distribution of body fat. University students are particularly at a heightened risk of body fat accumulation due to lifestyle changes associated with their academic environment. These changes include irregular meal patterns, increased consumption of high-calorie fast foods and reduced physical activity. Accumulation and distribution of body fat is concerning because it contributes to a rise in obesity rates, increasing the risk for metabolic disorders and chronic illnesses such as heart disease, diabetes and hypertension. The sedentary nature of university life, characterized by long hours spent attending lectures, completing assignments and studying for exams, further limits opportunities for regular physical exercise. This study aimed to establish physical activity levels and body fat distribution patterns among university students in Uganda, as well as the relationship between the two. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 302 students in the second semester of the 2018/2019 academic year. The study assessed four key variables: waist circumference, total body fat percentage (TBF%), abdominal fat level and physical activity levels. Chi-square analysis, and multinomial logistic regression were used to establish the relationship between physical activity and body measurements. Prevalence of obesity was found to be 58.9% and 5.6% on the basis of TBF and abdominal fat, respectively, suggesting a substantial risk of obesity related conditions. Regarding physical activity, only 31.5% engaged in vigorous-intensity physical activity, averaging 1.7 days per week, while 82.1% participated in moderate-intensity physical activity, averaging 4.3 days per week. The odds of having high abdominal fat were reduced by 59% among physically active individuals (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.20-0.84, p = 0.017). Individuals who met physical activity recommendations had 62% lower odds of exhibiting central fat accumulation (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21-0.69, p = 0.001). This study highlights a high prevalence of obesity and abdominal fat accumulation among students and reveal beneficial effect of physical activity, particularly moderate-intensity exercise, in reducing body fat and associated health risks.
Prevalence of antibiotic and heat resistant Salmonella species in the dairy value chain : a review
(Cogent Food & Agriculture, 2025-09-19) Mugabe, Amos; Mugampoza, Ediriisa; Wacoob, Paul Alex
Milk and dairy products are essential constituents of balanced and nutritious diets worldwide; however, they are susceptible to contamination by Salmonella species, which can cause salmonellosis in consumers. This contamination raises significant public health concerns as epidemiological evidence has repeatedly identified milk and dairy products as sources of infectious disease outbreaks. Additionally, Salmonella infections can also affect dairy animals, impacting milk quality and resulting in economic losses for farmers. Traditional control methods include the use of antibiotics and heat, but Salmonella can develop resistance to these interventions, complicating efforts to ensure safety in the dairy industry. This review highlights the global prevalence of Salmonella in the dairy value chain, factors contributing to its contamination, and the demographics most affected. It also highlights commonly reported serotypes, their resistance
mechanisms, and the urgent need for implementation of control strategies to reduce the public health burden of Salmonella contamination in milk and dairy products, with particular emphasis on resource-limited settings.
Optimizing implementation of an evidence-based self-help intervention program for people living with HIV (PLWH) with depressive symptoms in Botswana
(AIDS Care Psychological and Socio-medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV, 2025-09-30) Boitumelo, Vavani; Garnefski, Nadia; Spinhoven, Philip; Amone-P’Olak, Kennedy; Teseletso, Tshephiso; Kraaij, Vivian
depressive symptoms among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Botswana. Its effectiveness was evaluated in a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT), with a sample of 72 PLWH. The program was shown to be effective in reducing depressive symptoms (d = 0.76). Good implementation is an important step. This paper aims to present an evidence-based implementation strategy for the booklet self-help intervention. A reflexive methodology was adopted. An implementation model based on the stepwise approach of Versluis et al. ([2020]. SERIES: eHealth in primary care. Part 4: Addressing the challenges of implementation. European Journal of General Practice, 26(1), 140–145.) was applied to the present study. Barriers were identified and deductively coded based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) categories. The Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) framework was used to develop implementation strategies to address the identified barriers. Barriers encountered during implementation included costs, lack of screening, lack of trained professionals, etc., with the most important and changeable barrier being the lack of screening and referral into the self-help program. The most important implementation strategies include good collaboration with stakeholders and training of staff and coaches. Standard screening for depressive symptoms is critical to accessing the intervention. A coordinated strategy including stakeholder engagement and ongoing training and support, and structural support is necessary.
The mediating role of financial discipline on the relationship between the youth livelihood fund and youth welfare : a case of Busitema sub-county in Samia Bugwe north in Busia district
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-11) Emorut, John Okumu
The purpose of the study is to investigate the mediating role of financial discipline on the relationship between the Youth Livelihood Fund (YLF) and youth welfare in Busitema Subcounty in Samia Bugwe North Busia District. The specific objectives included: examining the relationship between the YLF and Youth Welfare, establishing the relationship between the financial discipline and Youth Welfare, and examining the mediating role of the financial discipline on the relationship between the YLF Fund and Youth Welfare in Busitema subcounty in Samia Bugwe North in Busia District. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was employed, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods.
The target population included the youths from Busitema Sub-county in Samia Bugwe North Constituency in Busia District, who were direct beneficiaries of the YLP. The study used stratified random sampling and purposive sampling techniques to select the respondents from the study population. The study utilized a structured questionnaire to gather quantitative data and an interview guide to collect qualitative data. The study employed descriptive and regression analysis techniques to address the research hypotheses. To investigate the association between the study variables, the research utilized Spearman's rank correlation test. The study tested the mediation effect using Partial Least Structural Equation
Modeling (PL-SEM) with the bootstrapping method. The findings from the study reveal that the youth livelihood fund had a positive and significant association with youth welfare in Busitema sub-county. The correlation findings reveal that there was a positive and significant relationship between financial discipline and youth welfare in Busitema SubCounty.
The PL-SEM findings showed that there was a positive partial mediating effect of financial discipline on the relationship between YLF and youth welfare in Busitema SubCounty.
In conclusion, the study provides evidence that financial discipline plays a remarkable positive role in mediating the effect of financial discipline on the relationship between YLF and youth welfare in Busitema Sub-County. There is a need for the expansion of the Youth Livelihood Fund to reach a wider group of eligible youth in the Busia district.
This could ensure that more young people have access to the fund. There is a need to develop and implement financial literacy programmes specifically tailored to the needs and circumstances of youth in Busitema Sub-County. These programmes should focus on budgeting, saving, investing, and managing debt effectively. Enhance financial discipline training and education for youth beneficiaries of the Youth Livelihood Fund in Busitema district. This should include workshops, seminars, and educational materials to help them make responsible financial decisions.
Characterization of potato genotypes for desirable agronomic traits, morphological attributes and processing qualities in Kigezi highlands
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-08) Baguma, Gerald
Potato is an important staple food crop as well as a cash crop more especially for the highland areas of Uganda. There have been gaps in potato genotypes in regard to desirable growth traits, favorable morphological attributes and processing qualities in Kigezi highlands. The main objective of this research is to identify potato genotypes with favorable growth traits, morphological characteristics, and processing attributes that are adapted to the Kigezi Highlands of Uganda, in order to boost potato production. A total of l7 genotypes including l4 newly bred and three variety checks (Victoria, NAROPOT4 and Cruza) were used in the study. The experimental sites included Kalengyere at 2450 metres above sea level (m.a.s.l) and KaZARD[ at 2,200 metres above sea level (m.a.s.l). Morphological data vvere recorded during the harvesting time after which samples were collected for processing and assessment of quality. The experiments were conducted during the wet months of March -June (Season A) and September- December (Season B) in 2020. The results revealed significant variations in growth and morphological traits among genotypes, seasons and within locations. Genotypes with desirable growth traits were 393220.54xNKRN59.48, NAROPOT4, and 393220.54. Genotype 57.8X59.4l was found to have poor agronomic traits. Genotypes NAROPOT4x77.54 and NAROPOT4x 39.107 were found with more · resistance to late blight disease and and genetype Victoria 392bt.18 were found more susceptible to late blight disease across the two sites. Genotypes which were found to be highly yielding were 59.41x220.54 and N AROPT4x 38.107. The least yielding genotype across the two study sites and seasons was 39266.18. Genotypes with highest dry matter content were found to be 59.41x220.54 and 26.103x11.2 while those with low dry matter (<20%) were Kinigix l9.l 7, and 395077.12. Genotypes found with favourable qualities should be subjected to further evaluations in more diverse agro-ecological zones of Uganda.