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Antimicrobial activity of crude methanolic extract fractions from balanites aegyptiaca (L.) delile
(African Journal of Education Science and Technology (AJEST), 2025-12-15) Asio, Santa Maria; Gumula, Ivan; Lulago, Zedde Muwanguzi; Kigozi, Stephen; Ekakoro, Newton; Eboyu, Thomas
Microbial infections remain a major global health concern, with mortality rates continuing to rise each decade. Projections estimate that by 2050, antimicrobial resistance could account for up to 10 million deaths annually. This study investigated the antimicrobial potential of phytochemical groups present in crude extracts of B.aegyptiacaas a possible alternative for managing microbial infections. Plant materials (leaves, stem bark, and root bark) were collected from two local varieties of B. aegyptica which are tentatively referred to as the “sweet” and “sour” varieties growing in Ajeluk village, Katakwi District, North-Eastern Uganda. The dried and pulverized samples (100 g each) were subjected to successive extraction with n-hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol. The resulting crude extracts were concentrated using a rotary evaporator, followed by fractionation through silica gel column chromatography. Fractions were further purified using preparative thin-layer chromatography, with separated bands visualized under Ultra Violet(UV)light, eluted, and tested for antimicrobial activity. Test organisms included multidrug-resistant AmericanType Culture Collection (ATCC) Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and Aspergillus flavus ATCC 6275. The methanolic fractions demonstrated notable antimicrobial activity, with inhibition zones greater than 8 mm. Among the phytochemical groups, phenolics exhibited the strongest activity(23.67 ± 1.15 mm), while coumarin-containing fractions displayed the lowest activity (7.00 ± 0.00 mm). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between inhibition zones of the phytochemical groups and the positive control (p < 0.05). Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides,and coumarins in the extracts. Overall, the findings suggest that B. aegypticacontains diverse bioactive compounds with antimicrobial potential, particularly against fungal pathogens. C. albicansand A. flavuswere more susceptible to these extracts than E. coli, highlighting the plant’s promise as a source of antifungal agents.
Linking green product, process, and finance innovations to firm competitive performance : insights from Namanve industrial cluster, Uganda
(Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 2025-12-14) Ahabyoona, Faith Mugisha; Mugisha, Henry; Lumu, Emmanuel Roy Muyingo; Bisaaso, Rita
This study examined how green product, process, and finance innovations influence the competitive performance of manufacturing firms in Uganda’s Namanve Industrial Cluster. Guided by Porter’s Green Innovation Theory and Financial Innovation Theory, it argues that environmentally driven innovations enhance operational efficiency and competitiveness when supported by effective financial mechanisms. Using a cross-sectional survey design and quantitative approach, data were collected from 51 of 54 targeted firms (response rate = 94.4%). Correlation results showed significant positive associations between green product (r = .465**, p < .01), process (r = .546**, p < .01), and finance innovations (r = .749**, p < .01) with competitive performance. Hierarchical regression indicated that these variables jointly explained 67% of the performance variance, with green finance exerting the strongest predictive effect (β = .521, p < .01). The study concludes that green finance amplifies the performance impact of product and process innovations and recommends integrating circular economy practices and financial incentives to enhance sustainable competitiveness
Effect of organic amendments on tomato growth and yield under field conditions
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-08) Mohamed, Abdi Khaliif Isse
Tomatoes represent a crucial component of Ugandan agriculture, providing essential nutrients like vitamins A, C, and E, along with antioxidants such as lycopene. However, their growth and yield are often hampered by soil fertility issues, compounded by the limited affordability of conventional fertilizers among smallholder farmers. This study aimed to assess the impact of various organic amendments on tomato growth and yield in Wakiso District, Uganda. Conducted at the National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI) in Namulonge, Wakiso District, the study investigated the effects of organic amendments-specifically, goat manure, coffee husks, organo-yield fertilizers, and their combination--on key growth parameters and yield metrics. Bi-weekly measurements were taken for plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, fruit count, and fruit weight. Results revealed significant enhancements in plant growth attributes following the application of organic amendments. Notably, treatments with coffee husks (59.0±1.3) organo yield (70.8±3.3) goat manure (72.6±3.9) and their combination (69.5±1.5) led to a substantial increase in plant height compared to the control treatment (12.3 ± 0.8) (P<0.001). Goat manure) emerged as the most effective treatment for promoting plants height followed by organo yield and the combination treatment.
Furthermore, the number of branches and leaves per tomato plant showed significant increase with treatments involving goat manure, organo yield, and their combination compared to the control group (P<0.01). The organo yield treatment exhibited the highest number of branches while all three treatments resulted in significantly higher leaf numbers compared to coffee husks and control. In terms of yield, the mean number of fruits harvested from plots treated with goat manure, organo yield, or their combination was statistically similar but significantly higher them those from coffee husks and control (P<0.01). Similarly, the mean fruit weight from plots treated with coffee husks was significantly higher than control (P<0.05), although similar to plots treated with goat manure, organo yield, or their combination.Moreover, organic amendments positively influenced nutrient uptake by tomato plants, with coffee husks notably enhancing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium uptake compared to other treatments.
An assessment of groundwater available potential for migrants and displaced people using GIS and remote sensing techniques a case of West Nile, Uganda
(University Initiatives on Climate Change Education and Research, 2025-10-09) Wasswa, Peter; Okal, Harriette; Tanner, Jane; Kato, Paul
Over recent years, many people have left their homes due to political persecution, conflicts, poverty, human right violations, climate-related disasters, and diseases. These people usually hosted by developing countries that still survive on limited budgets and often vulnerable to disasters and economic crises. It should be noted that migrants and displaced people are settled in camps where access to basic needs like water remains uncertain due to poor rapid assessments of water available potential. The study used GIS and remote sensing techniques to assess groundwater available potential in West Nile, Uganda, a known refugee host region having 12 districts (i.e., Maracha, Pakwach, Zombo, Yumbe, Adjumani, Nebbi, Koboko, Madi-Okollo, Obongi, Terego, Moyo, and Arua) with 6 camps (i.e., Rhino, Palorinya, Lobule, Imvepi, Bidi bidi, and Adjumani). The methodology involved analyzing seven groundwater occurrence control factors (e.g., rainfall, geology, land use, soil, DEM) using AHP approach and ArcMap to generate a groundwater available potential map which was then classified into three classes (i.e., poor, fair, and good). Areas with poor groundwater potential accounted for 4.9%, fair 88.3%, and 6.8% as good. Districts of Adjumani, Madi-Okollo, Obongi, and Moyo had good groundwater potential zones, whereas Pakwach and Nebbi had poor groundwater potential. Camps (i.e., Rhino and Polarinya) had relatively good groundwater potential zones while Lobulo and Bidi-bidi had poor potential. Therefore, the study’s findings can act as preliminary reference in rapid assessment of new water access points in West Nile settlement camps and other areas by humanitarian organizations.
Human resource policies and affective commitment of health tutors in private nursing and midwifery training institutions in Kampala city, Uganda
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-10) Nassiwa, Twesigye Juliet
The study sought to investigate the influence of human resource policies on affective commitment of health tutors in private Nursing and Midwifery Training Institutions (NMTs) in Kampala City. The specific objectives of the study were;( a) to explore the perception of heads of private NMTs on the relevance of compensation, staff development and promotion policies on health tutors ' affective commitment (b) to examine the relationship between compensation policy and affective commitment of health tutors in private NMTs ( c) to determine the relationship between staff development policy and affective commitment of health tutors in private NMTs and (d) to explore the relationship between promotion policy and affective commitment of health tutors in private NMTs in Kampala City. The study adopted a mixed methods approach with primary emphasis on quantitative methods complemented by qualitative methods using an embedded research design. Data was collected from 192 randomly selected health tutors and eight heads of private NMTs using Self-Administered Questionnaires (SAQs) and interview guides respectively. Descriptive and inferential data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists Version 25. Descriptive data analysis involved the use of frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations. Inferential data analysis involved the use of Pearson's correlation and simple regression analysis of prediction for bivariate and multivariate data respectively to examine the relationship between the study variables.
Responses from the heads of the institutions were analysed in a narrative form to complement quantitative data. The findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between compensation policy (r= 0.378, p = 0.000 < 0.05), staff development policy (r= 0. 416, p = 0.000 < 0.05), promotion policy (r = 0. 373, p = 0.000 < 0.05) and affective commitment of health tutors. The study also revealed that only promotion policy was a significant predictor of health tutors ' affective commitment (p = 0.257, p =0.006 < 0.05) while Compensation Policy (p = -0 .003, p = 0.0976 > 0.05) and staff development Policy (p = 0.084, p = 0.40 l > 0.05) were insignificant in predicting health tutors' affective Commitment. It was therefore concluded that compensation, staff development and promotion policies significantly influence affective commitment of health tutors in private NMTs.
The study recommended that managers of private training institutions should revise their compensation policies to ensure that they are competitive, aligned with the market standards, fair and transparent. Training institutions should also prioritise staff development by providing opportunities and resources for continuous learning and skills enhancement. Furthermore, the institutions should establish clear, transparent and merit-based criteria for promotions. All policies should be clearly communicated and consistently applied to all employees to enhance their affective commitment and ultimately improve the quality of Nursing and Midwifery training.