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Aerobic exercise protocol for people living with HIV : A logic model approach
(Turkish Journal of Kinesiology, 2025-06-30) Mwebaze, Nicholas; Nsibambi, Constance A. N.; Ojara, Ricky Richard; Chebet, Milton; Rukanga, Julius Ceasor; Opio, Paul; Nabaggala, Elyvania; Lumbuye, Linika; Nahwera, Loyce
There are many challenges that people living with HIV (PLHIV) often face including psychological health challenges such as muscle loss, fatigue, and mental health disorders. Regular physical activity, particularly aerobic exercise, has been shown to improve cardiovascular health, muscle strength, and mental well-being. However, there are not many clear exercise guides with evidence for practitioners and PLHIV to use as a reference while engaging in physical activities. Therefore, a structured and supervised exercise programs were designed tailored to the specific needs of PLHIV was tested and found effective. The study utilized a logic model to design, implement, and evaluate a supervised aerobic exercise program aimed at improving clinical outcomes among PLHIV. The logic model served as a framework to align inputs, activities, and expected outcomes, ensuring a systematic and evidence-based approach. A detailed exercise protocol for 6 days a week was designed for clients to engage in at least 3 days with not less than 2 days of rest in a week. A total of 135 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned 67 to experimental and 67 control group. The experimental group engaged in a five-phase aerobic exercise regimen, including warm-up, endurance training, cool-down, recovery, and flexibility exercises, performed three times per week with music set at 120–150 BPM to guide intensity. The control group was followed-up with weekly phone calls to ensure they don’t feel left out of the study. Clinical outcomes, including immunological markers (CD4 cell count), functional work capacity, and psychological well-being, were assessed before and after the intervention. Results indicated significant improvements with a p-value of < 0.01 in: aerobic capacity, muscle strength, mental health, and immune function among participants in the exercise group compared to controls. These findings suggest that this aerobic exercise protocol is a safe and effective complementary intervention for improving the quality of health in PLHIV. Incorporating supervised exercise programs using this protocol into routine HIV care could enhance long-term health outcomes and overall well-being in this population. This exercise protocol is therefore recommended for use in people living with HIV.
Exploring the wave’s structures to the nonlinear coupled system arising in surface geometry
(Scientific Reports, 2025-04-04) Farooq, Khizar; Hussain, Ejaz; Younas, Usman; Mukalazi, Herbert; Khalaf, Tamer M.; Mutlib, Abdul; Syed, Asif Ali Shah
This manuscript deals with the Heisenberg ferromagnet-type integrable Akbota equation (AE), which refers to a set of differential equations that are integrable and linked together, and they possess solitary waves. AE is a basic gear for investigating nonlinear dynamics in the fields of optics, magnetism, and differential geometry of curves and surfaces. It is extensively used to represent optical solitons in nonlinear optical fibers, which are crucial for fiber-optic communication owing to their capacity to maintain form across considerable distances. The dynamical behavior of AE is explored by constructing accurate closed-form traveling wave solutions. For this purpose, the Kumar-Malik method, the new Kudryashov method, and the Riccati equation method are utilized. The resulting solutions consist of trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational functions. By employing these methodologies, precise analytical remedies for soliton waves are derived, which include kink, bright, and dark solitons. To get a better understanding of the physical aspects of these solutions, we depict them via several visual representations. 3D-surface graphs, 2D-line graphs, and contour and density plots, in addition to theoretical derivations.
Ethos of librarians in academic libraries in Uganda: a study of unethical practices
(University of Dar es Salaam Library Journal, 2025-06-29) Nabbosa, Mary Gorreti; Kaddu, Sarah; Ssekitto, Francis
This paper analyses the ethical practices of Ugandan academic librarians by studying student service experiences at Kyambogo University (KyU) and Uganda Christian University (UCU). Through focus group discussions conducted with twenty-three (23) Library and Information Science (LIS) students (n=14 Kyambogo; n=9 UCU) who served as participants sampled by convenience and purposive strategies, the study analysed the multifaceted aspects related to ethical conduct. The research revealed that students’ perceived expectations of research assistance, ICT, and reference services differed substantially from actual practice. Current unethical conduct includes librarian absence and book restrictions, as well as resource misuse. This ethical deficit arises from three main factors: insufficient and enforceable ethical standards at the national level, inadequate professional oversight systems, and cultural norms within UCU, which exemplify faith-based higher education that sometimes conceals underlying ethical difficulties. This research develops an Ubuntu-based ethical system to supplement the IFLA Code of Ethics tailored to the Ugandan sociocultural setting. The study promotes LIS education that focuses on ethics, along with continuous professional development initiatives, and the development of a code of conduct between libraries and the delivery of psychosocial services to librarians. The study brings sophistication to African library ethics scholarship by supplying ethical recommendations tailored for academic institutions based upon empirical findings.
The status of occult HBV infection in a high endemic region : risk of community HBV transmission and reactivation
(BMC Research Notes, 2025-06-01) Kafeero, Hussein Mukasa; Ocama, Ponsiano; Ndagire, Dorothy; Walusansa, Abdul; Namusoke, Mariam; Kudamba, Ali; Muwanda, Fahad; Sendagire, Hakim
Objectives Occult hepatitis B virus (OBI) infection, characterized by the presence of HBV DNA in the absence of detectable HBsAg in the blood, is considered a potential hidden pathway for HBV transmission and reactivation, which can lead to liver cancer. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of OBI in a region of Uganda with high HBV endemicity, in order to help explain variations in HBV distribution within the country.
Results Among the 387 participants who tested negative for HBsAg, the majority were women (240 individuals, 62.0%), married (242 individuals, 62.5%), and aged 30 years or older (207 individuals, 53.5%). The OBI was detected in 21 participants (5.43%). Most of those with OBI were 30 years old or younger (13 individuals, 61.9%), male (12 individuals, 57.1%), had normal liver enzyme levels, and showed an average viral load of 194.4 IU/mL with a standard deviation (SD) of ± 122.05.
Upcycled art production from post-consumer textile waste to foster environmental sustainability awareness
(Textile,Clothe and Culture, 2025-07-03) Tusaasiirwe, Penilope; Kwesiga, Philip; Njeru, Sophia N.
Upcycling has emerged as one of the counteractive ways of revitalizing discarded materials from their waste streams, preventing environmental harm. Although notable research has been conducted on how various waste materials can be upcycled, a visible gap remains for textile waste, making the industry rated among the most destructive to the environment. The paper set out to creatively upcycle post-consumer textile waste (PCTW) through art, to foster environmental sustainability awareness. Exploratory design was employed to produce six textile woven artworks, communicating the dangers of poor textile waste management such as air, water and soil pollution. Visual data (images) were randomly collected from a sample of Kampala (Uganda)’s outskirts, depicting PCTW management challenges. Further, PCTW was purposively selected from personal collections, family and friends. Artworks were executed using tapestry and soumak weaving textile construction techniques. Findings depict the potential of creative upcycling of PCTW in reducing textile waste amounts disposed of in the environment, to promote environmental sustainability awareness. The study demonstrates PCTW as an alternative sustainable material for art production, with a possibility to transform livelihoods and communities. Finally, it contributes to achieving the UN 2030 SDGs Goals 12: Responsible Consumption and Production and SDG 13: Climate Action.