Department of History, Archeology and Heritage

Permanent URI for this communityhttp://localhost:4000/handle/20.500.12504/13

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 37

An economic history of Nandi district in western Kenya under colonial rule 1894-1963
(Kyambogo University [unpublished work], 2010-10) Jepkemboi, Anne
The study examines economic change in Nandi District during the colonial period. It traces the economic history of pre-colonial Nandi, from the nineteenth century to the time of independence in 1963. It comprises of six chapters. Chapter one revolves around the geographical location of Nandi district and its inhabitants. It highlights the various views of different scholars on Nandi economy. The statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, justification of the study as well as the scope of the study are all stated in this chapter. The chapter also states the hypotheses on which the study rests. It presents the methods used and the challenges faced during the course of the study. The second chapter analyses the migration and settlement of the Nandi in the district and their pre-capitalist mode of production. This chapter gives evidence which suggests that the Nandi indigenous economy was dynamic, efficient and productive. Chapter three highlights the establishment of colonial rule in Nandi. It analyses the impact of colonial policies on Nandi pre-colonial economy and examines the responses and adaptations of the Nandi to the new market opportunities. The chapter also examines the impact of World War I on Nandi economy. The fourth chapter focuses on the impact of colonial policies on Nandi economy during the inter-war period. It discusses the colonial economic policy and the responses of the Nandi during the period. It examines the economic changes introduced by the colonial government and continuity of pre-colonial economy. The social differentiation which ensued among the Nandi is also discussed. Chapter five analyses the economic development in Nandi during World War II and the impact of the war on Nandi economy. The chapter also discusses the responses of the Nandi in the period from the end of the war to independence in 1963. Chapter six gives the final conclusion to the study and comes up with some recommendations which help in the formulation of economic policies by showing how past efforts and actions operate to present economic difficulties.
A history of the logbari clans of west Nile 1000-1925 A.D.
(Kyambogo University [unpublished work], 2012-10) Ijoyi, Lazarus
This study treats the history of the Logbari clans of West Nile from the year 1000-1925 A.D. It analyses mainly the question of the origin of the society that became known as Logbari. It focuses on the ethnic constitution which gave rise to the identity of a people who became known as the Logbari, of West Nile in northern Uganda. The study is divided into five main chapters, the sixth being a short general conclusion. Chapter one is the introduction to the work. It covers the general and overall account of the research. Chapter two focuses on the historical background of the various groups of people who became known as the Logbari in West Nile sub region of Uganda. It examines and analyses the main ethnic groups to which the ancestors of the Logbari originally belonged, and from which they came. It is an attempt to determine the number of the main clans that constitute the people known as the Logbari of West Nile. Chapter three traces the migration and settlement of the ancestors of the Logbari and their descendants in West Nile. The fourth chapter deals with the socio-cultural, political and economic development of the people who became known as the Logbari. Chapter five examines the first encounters of the Logbari with the foreign people, especially, the Arabs, the Belgians and the British up to the year 1925. Finally, the sixth chapter is a short general conclusion to the whole work. It gives an overview of who the Logbari are.
Differential returns from globalization to women smallholder coffee and food producers in rural Uganda
(AJOL: African Health Sciences., 2013) Kanyamurwa, JM; Wamala, S; Baryamutuma, R; Kabwama, E; Loewenson, R
Globalization-related measures to liberalize trade and stimulate export production were applied in Uganda in the late 1980s, including in the coffee production sector, to revitalize agricultural production, increase incomes to farmers and improve rural food security. Objective: To explore the different effects of such measures on the health and dietary outcomes of female coffee and food small holder farmers in Uganda. Methods: We gathered evidence through a cross-sectional comparative interview survey of 190 female coffee producers and 191 female food producers in Ntungamo district. The study mostly employed quantitative methods of data collection, targeting the sampled households. We also utilized qualitative data; collected three months after the household survey data had been collected and their analysis had been accomplished. Using qualitative interviews based on an unstructured interview guide, extra qualitative information was collected from key informants at national, district and community levels. This was among other underlying principles to avoid relying on snapshot information earlier collected at household level in order to draw valid and compelling conclusions from the study. We used indicators of production, income, access to food and dietary patterns, women’s health and health care. Of the two groups selected from the same area, female coffee producers represented a higher level of integration into liberalised export markets. Results: Document review suggests that, although Uganda’s economy grew in the period, the household economic and social gains after the liberalization measures may have been less than expected. In the survey carried out, both food and coffee producers were similarly poor, involved in small-scale production, and of a similar age and education level. Coffee producers had greater land and livestock ownership, greater access to inputs and higher levels of income and used a wider variety of markets than food producers, but they had to work longer hours to obtain these economic returns, and spent more cash on health care and food from commercial sources. Their health outcomes were similar to those of the food producers, but with poorer dietary outcomes and greater food stress. Conclusions: The small-scale women farmers who are producing food cannot rely on the economic infrastructure to give them support for meaningful levels of production. However, despite having higher incomes than their food producing counterparts, the evidence showed that women who are producing coffee in Uganda as an export commodity cannot rely on the income from their crops to guarantee their health and nutritional wellbeing, and that the income advantage gained in coffee-producing households has not translated into consistently better health or food security outcomes. Both groups have limited levels of autonomy and control to address these problems.
History of girl child education in Buganda kingdom 1925-1997
(Kyambogo University [unpublished work], 2013-06) Salma, Nakakuta
This dissertation is about the history and development of girl child education in Buganda from 1925-1997. lt is mainly concerned with the development of girl child education from the coming of foreigners and the historical developments during the colonial period to the post colonial period to 1997 when the National Resistance Government introduced Universal Primary Education [UPE]. It mainly looks at the efforts towards improving the education of the girl child and challenges faced by the endeavour. Chapter one of this dissertation deals with the general background of the study including a brief history of Buganda kingdom. It gives the general background of the coming of Arabs and Europeans to Uganda and the development of formal education in Buganda. It further covers the statement of the problem, scope of the study, objectives and significance of the study. lt also contains hypothesis, literature review and research methodology. Chapter two covers the nature of indigenous education given to the girl child in Buganda. It concentrates on where the teaching and learning was conducted. It discusses the curriculum and content, teachers and methods of teaching during the informal stage of education. Chapter three discusses the coming of formal education. It deals with the coming of Arabs and the different missionary groups to Uganda. It further deals with their efforts to educate the girl child and the challenges they faced. Chapter four of this dissertation deals with further historical developments of education. It mainly deals with the steps taken by the colonial government to improve the education of girls in Buganda including the different commissions instituted to look into the education system within the period 1 926-196 L It further deals with the challenges faced in improving the education of the girl child. Chapter five discusses the historical development of girl child education during the post-colonial period and the challenges faced. Lastly, Chapter six concludes that the process of girl child education has been a concern of all governments in Uganda. The education of the girl has not been totally achieved mainly because of the cultural beliefs among the Baganda.
Disability load on households hosting children with deafblindness in Iganga, Mayunge and Jinja districts, Uganda
(Kenyatta University(un published work), 2014-04) Ojwang, Vincent P.
Unlike in the developed world, there is little documented information about children with deafblindness (CWDB) and, virtually no research has been done in Uganda regarding all aspects of deafblindness. Therefore, little is known about the disability load borne by the household and its effect on the quality of life and the educational development of the children. The purpose of the study was .to determine the nature of the di sability load in the household hosting CWDB and the resulting impact on the members. The specific objectives were to dimensionalise the di sability load, find the effects on the quality of life. the impact on the schooling path, investigate gender differences and generate a conceptual framework for improving schooling outcomes. The building of this conceptual framework was guided by other relevant existing theories. The approach of the inquiry was qualitative, using the Grounded Theory design which is appropriate for examining complex phenomenon. The method of inquiry was systematic, intended to carry out data collection procedure and analysis using constant questioning and comparison. A sample of five households was purposively selected. From every household, between four to five participants were selected to give a total of 23 participants. They were "selected because they had borne the disability load by raising and Jiving with CWDB. Two instruments were used. namely. in-depth interviews as well as observational guide. A pilot study to test the instruments, check the use of resources and increase familiarity with the procedure for inquiry was undertaken. Permission to carry out data collection was sought from the national and district authorities. Each interview was preceded by clarification of theaim of the interview and promise of confidentiality. Individual members of the household were interviewed in depth. The information was recorded using a tape recorder, while observing accompanying behavior. Internal and communication validity were ensured by constant questioning. comparison and theoretical sampling. Reliability in Grounded Theory approach was brought about by the development of concepts which were rigorously worked out to form categories. Concepts formed in this way last long and are therefore reliable. Immediately after each interview, the recorded information was transcribed. Data analysis included open, axial and selective coding. The study established that household members while hosting CWDB, experienced disability load of many dimensions, with the emotional one being the greatest. The disability load had a severe impact on the quality of life in the households as well as the schooling path of the children. The gender difference on the impact on the schooling path was detected but was not significant. The final outcome of the inquiry was a conceptual framework grounded in the data. The framework has been named the Disability Load Conceptual Framework. It is recommended that policies be developed to guide practical intervention into the socio-economic lives of household members in order to improve the schooling path of the children.
The Arab springs and the “walk to work” movement in Uganda: contest for political space and freedom
(African Journal of Education, Science and Technology, 2016-01) Robert, Ojambo
This paper presents an overview of how the Arab Springs influenced events in the Walk-to Work Protests in Uganda during the period after the 2011 election. It builds on the previous analysis of the nexus between the Arab Spring and other conflicts that sprung in different parts of Africa to provide an overview of in the fight for political space in the sub-Saharan Africa with a specific focus on Uganda. The main argument is that the recent Arab uprising have led to significant changes that call for rethinking of critical issues in the study of social movement which has in turn led to enormous implication in the theories of revolution especially in the Arab world. This study employed a qualitative methodology using historical approach to investigate the ‘Walk-to-Work’ protests in Uganda in the larger study of impact of the Arab Springs in the Arab North. Employing the Resource Mobilisation, Political Opportunity Structural and Framing Theories, the study establishes that the Arab Springs influenced a lot of events in the ‘Walk-to-Work’ Protests in Uganda. Our argument here is also that despite the fact that the ‘Walk-to-Work’ protests did not lead to change of Government, they were not mere protests but instead a manifestation of a peaceful struggle for political space in Uganda that has made a big paradigm shift in the politics of this country.
The social and economic history of Toro kingdom 1830-1962
(Kyambogo University (un published work), 2017-01) Tumwine, Jesse
This study attempted to investigate the Social and economic history of Toro Kingdom during the period 1830-1962. Chapter one analyses the background of Toro Kingdom as a region in terms of geographic location and tribal composition. It also includes the statement of the Problem, objectives of the study, literature review, Significance and scope of the Study. The chapter also contains the Research questions, methodology, and equally discusses the challenges encountered during the course of the study. The second chapter analyses the social organization of Toro Kingdom. It contains the social cultural beliefs and practices of the Batoro during the period 1830-1962 including traditional education, and traditional Religion. Chapter three analyses the economic organization of Toro Kingdom during the period 1830-1962.The pre-colonial economic activities of Toro such as hunting, subsistence. Farming and pastoralism among others are examined. The fourth chapter presents the effects of colonial rule on the social and economic life of Toro Kingdom by 1962. On the one hand, the researcher admits the positive effects of colonial rule which led to the introduction of new crops, and infrastructure development, some of the negative effects of colonial rule are also presented. Chapter five handles conclusions and recommendations.
The land question in socio-political conflicts in Bukedi and Bugisu in eastern Uganda: 1900- 2007
(Dar es salaam University (unpublished work), 2017-10) Ojambo, Robert
This study investigated the land question in socio-political conflicts in Bukedi and Bugisu in eastern Uganda. It specifically examines the origin of the land question in Bukedi and Bugisu and how it evolved over time; assesses the impact of colonial and post-colonial land policies on land relations, and how the latter related to socio-politicalI conflicts in Bukedi and Bugisu. The study employed the evolutionary theory to explore the changing tenure regimes since pre-colonial times and how these led to pressing land issues in this area. It also employs the social conflict theory to link land-related issues to socio-political conflicts in Bukedi and Bugisu. A case study research design using a qualitative approach was employed. This approach mainly depended on three categories of sources to collect primary and secondary data: these were archives, oral interviews and published sources. The findings in this study show that the land question in Bukedi and Bugisu had its origins in the diverse local land tenure regimes of the pre-colonial societies that later made up these districts. It also shows that ill-conceived colonial land policies escalated the land question, which in tum Jed to socio-political conflicts between communities, families and individuals in Bukedi and Bugisu. The study further reveals that people's perceptions of the land policies put in place during the postcolonial period evoked emotional responses and political actions, which raised questions over issues of land ownership, distribution, use, as well as resource management and, ultimately, identity and citizenship rights. Contentions over such issues led to socio-political conflicts in many parts of Bukedi and Bugisu. The study concludes that most patterns of socio-political conflicts in Bukedi and Bugisu are linked to long-standing issues concerning land ownership and access rights from pre-colonial times through the colonial to the post-colonial period.
Women and salt mining at Kibiro salt gardens in Hoima district (1894-2015)
(Kyambogo University [ Unpublished work], 2017-12) Ssematimba, Juliet
The purpose of the study was to examine the factors that explain women participation in salt mining at Kibiro salt gardens and how Kibiro's geographical setting acted as a basis for discerning factors underlying salt mining and challenges faced in this mining between 1894-2015. The study was motivated by the observation that while Kibiro's salt mining was not new in historical discourse, attention had largely been on its process and its archaeological explanations. Thus not much attention had been paid to the factors that explain why it was only women who engaged in Kibiro salt mining. The study also intended to identify the benefits and challenges faced and how the challenges were dealt with. The study was guided by four specific objectives that were: to explain Kibiro's geographical setting as a basis for discerning the factors favouring salt mining; to examine women in salt mining during the pre-colonial period; to analyse continuities and changes for women salt mining in Kibiro during the colonial period; to examine the state of women in salt mining at Kibiro during the post-colonial period. The study utilised a qualitative approach. Data were collected using documentary review, observation and face-toface oral interviews guided by an interview guide. The snowball sampling method was used to identify key infonnants who then directed the researcher to other knowledgeable infonnants. Data were analysed using documentary analysis and narrative techniques. The results reveal that women's exclusive role in salt mining can be traced from the pre-colonial period and it is deeply rooted in the Bakibiro cultural fabric. This breaks the established narrative which suggested that women did not play a key role in pre-colonial societies. The study was also guided by the liberal feminist theory of gender.
Politics of natural resource management and accountable systems in the delivery of water services in Uganda
(AJOL: Africa Development., 2017-12-12) Kanyamurwa, John Mary
The political behaviour of public institutions exhibited in the management of critical natural resources influences the nature of service delivery. In particular, the character of such public organizations as regulators of natural resources, like water, impacts not only on what such management bodies do and their functionality, but also on the way they respond to public accountable systems. The latter systems refer to those formal and informal public frameworks that emphasize the need to ensure that water services are delivered effectively, efficiently, satisfactorily and in a sustainable manner. It is mostly the shortfalls in such accountable systems, as is the case in most developing countries’ cities, that prompts analysis of the role of politics in the relevant public organizations. Thus, this article is intended to explore pertinent issues particularly relevant to the interests, rational choices and calculations in the regulation of natural resource management and the modes in which they impact on accountable systems in Uganda. Using a descriptive and correlational research design, data were collected using questionnaires administered to 1,086 respondents from key stakeholders in Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA). The findings indicate that political considerations by water managers mostly led to utility maximization of selfinterest rather than serving public interest in terms of decisions which were characterized by minimal participation of lower-level employees and water consumers. The level of adherence to accountable systems was low, suggesting that managers in water provision services were working hard to satisfy their political masters rather than the clients they served. The political considerations that underlined the practices in water resource management significantly watered down the promotion of accountable systems, but also affected the efficiency of the National Water and Sewage Corporation (NWSC). The article concludes that politics in organizations promotes skewed management practices that ultimately undermine accountable systems in the provision of critical resources such as water at the expense of consumers and citizens. Public reforms that enhance the independence of public institutions charged with the provision of vital development resources, which also enhance accountable systems in the public interest, are the most appropriate policy response to this challenge.
Drivers and trajectories of land cover change in East Africa: human and environmental interactions from 6000 years ago to present
(Elsevier: Earth-Science Reviews., 2018-03) Marchant, Rob; Richer, Suzi; Boles, Oliver; Capitan, Claudia; Courtney-Mustaphi, Colin J.; Lane, Paul; Prendergast, Mary E.; Stump, Daryl; De Cort, Gijs; Kaplan, Jed O.; Phelps, Leanne; Kay, Andrea; Olago, Dan; Petek, Nik; Platts, Philip J.; Widgren, Mats; Wynne-Jones, Stephanie; Ferro-Vázquez, Cruz; Benard, Jacquiline; Boivin, Nicole; Crowther, Alison; Cuní-Sanchez, Aida; Deere, Nicolas J.; Ekblom, Anneli; Farmer, Jennifer; Finch, Jemma; Fuller, Dorian; Gaillard-Lemdahl, Marie-José; Gillson, Lindsey; Githumbi, Esther; Kabora, Tabitha; Kariuki, Rebecca; Kinyanjui, Rahab; Kyazike, Elizabeth; Lang, Carol; Lejju, Julius; Kathleen, D. Morrison; Muiruri, Veronica; Mumbi, Cassian; Muthoni, Rebecca; Muzuka, Alfred; Ndiema, Emmanuel; Nzabandora, ChantalKabonyi; Onjala, Isaya; PasSchrijver, Annemiek; Rucina, Stephen; Shoemaker, Anna; Thornton-Barnett, Senna; Plas, Geertvan der; Watson, Elizabeth E.; Williamson, David; Wright, David
East African landscapes today are the result of the cumulative effects of climate and land-use change over millennial timescales. In this review, we compile archaeological and palaeoenvironmental data from East Africa to document land-cover change, and environmental, subsistence and land-use transitions, over the past 6000 years. Throughout East Africa there have been a series of relatively rapid and high-magnitude environmental shifts characterised by changing hydrological budgets during the mid- to late Holocene. For example, pronounced environmental shifts that manifested as a marked change in the rainfall amount or seasonality and subsequent hydrological budget throughout East Africa occurred around 4000, 800 and 300 radiocarbon years before present (yr BP). The past 6000 years have also seen numerous shifts in human interactions with East African ecologies. From the mid-Holocene, land use has both diversified and increased exponentially, this has been associated with the arrival of new subsistence systems, crops, migrants and technologies, all giving rise to a sequence of significant phases of land-cover change. The first large-scale human influences began to occur around 4000 yr BP, associated with the introduction of domesticated livestock and the expansion of pastoral communities. The first widespread and intensive forest clearances were associated with the arrival of iron-using early farming communities around 2500 yr BP, particularly in productive and easily-cleared mid-altitudinal areas. Extensive and pervasive land-cover change has been associated with population growth, immigration and movement of people. The expansion of trading routes between the interior and the coast, starting around 1300 years ago and intensifying in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries CE, was one such process. These caravan routes possibly acted as conduits for spreading New World crops such as maize (Zea mays), tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) and tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), although the processes and timings of their introductions remains poorly documented. The introduction of southeast Asian domesticates, especially banana (Musa spp.), rice (Oryza spp.), taro (Colocasia esculenta), and chicken (Gallus gallus), via transoceanic biological transfers around and across the Indian Ocean, from at least around 1300 yr BP, and potentially significantly earlier, also had profound social and ecological consequences across parts of the region. Through an interdisciplinary synthesis of information and metadatasets, we explore the different drivers and directions of changes in land-cover, and the associated environmental histories and interactions with various cultures, technologies, and subsistence strategies through time and across space in East Africa. This review suggests topics for targeted future research that focus on areas and/or time periods where our understanding of the interactions between people, the environment and land-cover change are most contentious and/or poorly resolved. The review also offers a perspective on how knowledge of regional land-use change can be used to inform and provide perspectives on contemporary issues such as climate and ecosystem change models, conservation strategies, and the achievement of nature-based solutions for development purposes.
The evolution of bishop tucker theological college to Uganda Christian University from 1913 to 2004
(Kyambogo University [unpublished work], 2018-06) Kemigisha, Dianah
This study was intended to examine the Evolution of Bishop Tucker Theological College to Uganda Christian University,(UCU) from 1913 to 2004. The study also looked at periods beyond 1997 to 2004 because they stipulate some of the major transitional challenges and opportunities encountered when UCU was chartered by the Government of Uganda. UCU is located 23 kilometres away from Kampala in Mukono town, on the main road to Jinja. UCU is a private University, chartered and fully accredited by the Ministry of Higher Education and Sports, and the National Council for Higher Education. The University is owned by the Province of the Church of Uganda, and has campuses in Eastern, Western and Northern Uganda. The objectives of the study were to: examine factors that prompted the establishment of Bishop Tucker College; investigate the process through which BTTC transformed from the theological college into Uganda Christian University and analyse the tasks and challenges encountered during the transition of BTTC to UCU. This study was prompted by the limited documentation on the origin and development of UCU with an aim of providing literature for other institutions to emulate. The study employed the case study design using qualitative methods of data collection like interviews and documentary evidence in form of archives and library research. The study revealed that the transition was geared towards having an institution of higher learning with well-motivated employees, educating/training diverse array of outstanding students of character and commitment, helping financially needy students and other students with special needs and talents to find support and access to University facilities. The study showed that students are assessed for competency of knowledge and praxis; they are also assisted with job preparation, internships and placement. The researcher is convinced that the creators of BTTC and now UCU have succeeded in their plans. The researcher recommends that the institution should keep records of their dealings well, since it would help other institutions of learning that might want to borrow a leaf from what transpired in the transition of BTTC into UCU. It is also hoped that the study would make a tremendous contribution to what already exists, and perhaps inspire others scholars and researchers to carry out related studies elsewhere.
The economic transformation of the Bagisu of eastern Uganda 1904-1962
(Kyambogo University (un published work), 2018-09) Wanyonyi, Masinde Geoffrey
This study set out to investigate and assess the Bagisu economic transformation between 1904 and 1962. Very little had been done on this aspect of Bagisu economic transformation, First, it is important to note that the Bagisu live in Eastern Uganda in Manafwa, Mbale, Bududa, Bulambuli and Sironko Districts. The Bagisu were chosen for this study because they constituted a large population in the former Bukedi district and had absorbed a good number of people from neighboring ethnic communities. How the Bagisu transformed economically from 1904 to 1962, the force behind their transformation and the impacts of outside factors on Bagisu economic transformation constituted a problem that this study investigated. The main objective was therefore, to establish how the Bagisu of Eastern Uganda trans- formed economically from 1904 to 1962. Qualitative methodology was used in data collection and analysis. Instruments used included library, archival and oral interviews, mindful of reliability, validity and ethical concerns was observed. The study was carried out under development and under development theories postulated by Graven kitching and Walter Rodney who argued that man 's fundamental needs are materials. Kitching argued that with the advent of colonialism there occurred introduction of new crops, new methods of agriculture and more opportunities for African agricultural goods to be sold abroad. To them this helped the African population to develop economically. It was established that indeed, the coming of British to Eastern Uganda accelerated the economic development of the Bagisu. It’s a fact because, new crops were introduced especially cotton and coffee, good methods of farming begun, money economy to avoid barter system was also in place, western Education which helped the Bagisu to improve in technologies was also introduced . It should be noted that the British used Baganda as agents in administering their rule in Eastern Uganda. Therefore, the role of Semei Kakungulu in the economic development was also established. This study is significant as it contributes to the existing body of knowledge and widens the horizon of African history in general and Uganda's history in particular, as it expounds on how the Bagisu trans formed economically from 1904 to 1962.
Polygamy as a dominant pattern of sexual pairing among the Acholi of Uganda
(Springer Link: Sexuality and Culture., 2019-09-30) Amone, Charles
Polygamy has of recent been a focus of attention of scholars, traditionalists, human rights activists and feminists. Whereas human rights activists and feminists regard polygamy as oppressive, discriminative and barbaric, traditionalists view it as an institution that serves the interests of all members of society equally. This research evaluates polygamy in the traditional Acholi society with a view to illustrate why it was dominant and whether the people perceived it as oppressive to women or not. I conducted Key informants’ interviews with married people, elders and traditional leaders among the Acholi and reviewed a host of literature on the subject of polygamy and gender equity. Polygamy was common in the traditional Acholi society. The view that polygamy is barbaric, oppressive and unconstitutional is recent and alien to the Acholi people. The study recommends that polygamy should be viewed from the perspective of the culture of the affected people.
The political economy of globalization and employment returns to youth in Uganda
(Springer International Publishing, 2020-06) Kanyamurwa, John Mary
The political economy of globalization, with its main features such as market-driven technology, trade, and capital flows, continues to alter the structure of labour markets in developing countries, adversely affecting vulnerable population groups such as the youth. Using a cross-sectional survey design in a study undertaken in Uganda, this chapter investigates the political economy of structural changes affecting the youth in the local labour market as a consequence of globalization. The research reveals how economic reforms have undermined the state’s capacity to create decent employment opportunities, with some results suggesting dire consequences ensuing from global competition, which indicate profound inequality, social exclusion, and extreme poverty. Moreover, prime evidence shows the youth are facing new transitional challenges from training establishments to the labour market as employment opportunities in the country continue to dwindle. This situation is further complicated by demographic realities, which currently indicate that the youth in the working age bracket represent slightly over 30% of the country’s total population, putting a spotlight on the state’s current inability to create youth employment in Uganda’s neoliberal policy context. Findings further emphasize globalization dynamics as constituting the authentication for weakened political structures, which are constrained in a situation that requires urgent response to economic distortions evident in the youth unemployment challenge. The study recommends that the state, taking advantage of isolated supportive market indicators, should spearhead reforms to promote sustainable interventions for correcting the skewed youth unemployment challenge in the local labour market.
Ethnic pluralism and the challenge of thematic curriculum implementation in Uganda
(Taylor&Francis Online: Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2021) Amone, Charles
Uganda has been developing and revising its curricula since the time of British colonial rule. The latest revision of the primary education curriculum led to the introduction of the Thematic Curriculum in 2007. This curriculum requires the use of pupils' mother tongues as languages of instruction from Primary One to Three and then English from Primary Five to Seven. Primary Four is a transitional year. Several studies have indicated that the Thematic Curriculum has been a failure. Although various reasons have been advanced for the challenges of the Thematic Curriculum, the greatest setback seems to be ethnic pluralism. Using in-depth interviews with teachers, parents, education officials and pupils, I investigated how ethnic pluralism impeded the implementation of the Thematic Curriculum in Uganda. I found that most districts in Uganda are multi-ethnic and therefore multi-lingual making it difficult to choose the dominant mother tongue to use as a language of instruction. Even when the dominant language is identified, the pupils and teachers are in most cases from diverse ethnic and linguistic backgrounds. This study recommends the introduction of a national language to be used as medium of instruction at the lower levels of education in Uganda.
Mapping past human land use using archaeological data: A new classification for global land use synthesis and data harmonization
(PLOS ONE, 2021-04-14) Morrison, D.Kathleen; Hammer, Emily; Boles, Oliver; Madella, Marco; Whitehouse, Nicola; Gaillard, Marie-Jose; Bates, Jennifer; Linden, Marc Vander; Merlo, Stefania; Yao, Alice; Popova, Laura; Hill, Austin Chad; Antolin, Ferran; Bauer, Andrew; Biagetti, Stefano; Bishop, R. Rosie; Buckland, Phillip; Cruz, Pablo; Dreslerová, Dagmar; Dusseldorp, Gerrit; Ellis, Erle; Filipovic, Dragana; Foster, Thomas; Hannaford, Matthew J.; Harrison, P. Sandy; Hazarika, Manjil; Herold, Hajnalka; Hilpert, Johanna; Kaplan, Jed O.; Kay, Andrea; Goldewijk, Kees Klein; Kolář, Jan; Kyazike, Elizabeth; Laabs, Julian; Lancelotti, Carla; Lane, Paul; Lawrence, Dan; Lewis, Krista; Lombardo, Umberto; Lucarini, Giulio; Arroyo-Kalin, Manuel; Marchant, Rob; Mayle, Francis; McClatchie, Meriel; McLeester, Madeleine; Mooney, Scott; Moskal-del Hoyo, Magdalena; Navarrete, Vanessa; Ndiema, Emmanuel; Góes Neves, Eduardo; Nowak, Marek; Out, Welmoed A.; Petrie, Cameron; Phelps, Leanne N.; Pinke, Zsolt; Rostain, Stéphen; Russell, Thembi; Sluyter, Andrew; Styring, Amy K.; Tamanaha, Eduardo; Thomas, Evert; Veerasamy, Selvakumar; Welton, Lynn; Zanon, Marco
In the 12,000 years preceding the Industrial Revolution, human activities led to significant changes in land cover, plant and animal distributions, surface hydrology, and biochemical cycles. Earth system models suggest that this anthropogenic land cover change influenced regional and global climate. However, the representation of past land use in earth system models is currently oversimplified. As a result, there are large uncertainties in the current understanding of the past and current state of the earth system. In order to improve representation of the variety and scale of impacts that past land use had on the earth system, a global effort is underway to aggregate and synthesize archaeological and historical evidence of land use systems. Here we present a simple, hierarchical classification of land use systems designed to be used with archaeological and historical data at a global scale and a schema of codes that identify land use practices common to a range of systems, both implemented in a geospatial database. The classification scheme and database resulted from an extensive process of consultation with researchers worldwide. Our scheme is designed to deliver consistent, empirically robust data for the improvement of land use models, while simultaneously allowing for a comparative, detailed mapping of land use relevant to the needs of historical scholars. To illustrate the benefits of the classification scheme and methods for mapping historical land use, we apply it to Mesopotamia and Arabia at 6 kya (c. 4000 BCE). The scheme will be used to describe land use by the Past Global Changes (PAGES) LandCover6k working group, an international project comprised of archaeologists, historians, geographers, paleoecologists, and modelers. Beyond this, the scheme has a wide utility for creating a common language between research and policy communities, linking archaeologists with climate modelers, biodiversity conservation workers and initiatives.
The evolution of Lango political institutions, 1800 to 2017
(Kyambogo University (unpublished work), 2021-06) Awee, Francis
The purpose of the study was to examine the evolution of Lango political institutions from 1800 to 2017. It covered the pre-colonial to post-colonial periods. The study further aimed to show when and how Lango political institutions evolved. Two theories guided the study namely the Structural Regulation of Internal Affairs theory and the Rule of Political Practicality theory. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design in which the researcher applied snowball and convenience sampling techniques. The technique helped the researcher to locate the hidden population such as clan leaders and elders that would not have been known. Interview guides were used while conducting the oral interviews. The study revealed that despite the fact that Lango was a decentralised society, it had clan heads as the main political leaders from pre-colonial to post periods. The study concluded that the Lango originated from Abbysinia (Ethiopia) and that the Lango are of Galla stock. The study further examined the relationship between the Lango and other ethnic groups such as Acholi, Labwor, Karimojong, Iteso, Kumam and Banyoro and it showed that the relationship was based on raids, trade and intermarriages. It revealed that Lango political institutions evolved gradually during the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial periods and that is why the Lango political institutions is currently headed by a Won Nyaci ( a representative of clan leaders).
State repression and democratic dispensation in Uganda 1996–2016
(SAGE Journals, 2021-07-11) Kakuba, Sultan J.
State repression covers several and many aspects such as wrongful detention, harassment, intimidation, torture, beating, and killings within state boundaries. This study adopted a desk survey qualitative research design to document state repression acts during five presidential elections. Secondary and primary data were gathered from Uganda Electoral Commission presidential elections results, African Elections Database, and Inter-Parliamentary Parline database. This was augmented by interviews carried out with purposively selected political activists from different political shades and members of civil society organizations. The data collected from documentary reviews and interviews were thematically analyzed using the content analysis method. The findings were that successive presidential elections won by National Resistance Movement (NRM) were characterized by state repression acts amounting to human rights abuse such as torture, denial of political gatherings, wrongful arrest, and detention, intimidation, and killings. Drawing from the study findings, the conclusion is that NRM has used state institutions to repress opposition to shield its regime and to lure mass support to remain in power, undermining democratic dispensation it restored in the country.
Exploring the preference for indigenous medicinal plant medicine in Buliisa District, Western Uganda
(Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences: AJOL, 2021-08-11) Kyazike, Elizabeth
This paper explores the preference for indigenous medicinal plant medicine in Buliisa district, situated in the Albertine Graben. Despite attempts to improve access to conventional health services, there seems to be a preference for alternative medicine from medicinal plants. The specific objectives included examining the forms of indigenous herbal medicine, how they are administered and passed on from generation to generation, preservation challenges and mitigation measures. The study utilises a multidisciplinary approach by using archaeological transect walks, oral interviews with 50 herbalists, observation of the administration of herbal medicine, focus group discussions, and documentary review to collect data. Four hundred and seventy-seven medicinal plant sites were marked using a hand-held Global Positioning System at 80 locations. The results revealed that all plant parts are used for treatment as either independent parts or combined and often with other plant types. The most commonly used medicinal plant parts are the leaves. Buliisa medicinal plants cure various diseases, but the most common ones are sterility, sexually transmitted infections, high blood pressure, back pain, eye diseases, external body injuries, poisoning, and nose bleeding. In addition, treatment for aspects such as luck and spiritually related ailments are also handled. Though the harvesting poses a key conservation challenge, the secrecy embedded in the transmission of indigenous knowledge, education, Christianity and oil exploration is each equally a threat. The study recommends that since most herbal medicines have no overdose, there is a need to undertake more research to document the dosage and side-effects of using medicinal plants and compile a red list of the endangered species. The study has implications for the knowledge and development of herbal indigenous medicinal plants.

Browse

Browsing Department of History, Archeology and Heritage by Issue Date