Department of Sports Science

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Analysis of fitness trends among urban dwellers in Kampala: the case of selected health clubs and fitness studios
(Kyambogo University (un published work), 2004-11) Soita, W. Paschal
Physical fitness is important in its general contribution to one s health. For effectiveness programme delivery has to be handled professionally and ethically to meet specific minimum standards. These include safety state-of-the-art equipment and trained practitioners. When well harnessed, some of societal health problems traditionally associated with hypokinetic conditions and sedentary work practices may be prevented, reduced or even eliminated. This study therefore assessed the extent to which personnel facilities and programmes within health clubs in Kampala City meet the minimum professional standards as required. To elicit the data a number of research tools were employed, including Questionnaires, Observation and Interviews with consumers and providers of products and services. A random sample of 144 (23% of the target population) subjects was selected from 12 purposively selected health clubs out of 35 considered for the study. The data collected \ as mainly subjected to qualitative treatment although at some point Chi-square, x 2,was used to establish if there existed correlation between age and gender with participation. The major findings of the study included: • Fitness as a fast-growing industry in Kampala but embroild with weaknesses in membership admission, low practitioner education levels and to a large extent obsolete equipment they use.
Analysis of injuries incurred by amateur female rugby players: A case of selected clubs in Kampala district, Uganda
(Kyambogo University[unpublished work], 2013-10) Atukei, Harriet Proscovia
Rugby players are exposed to injuries which are most especially on the upper and lower limbs since the game involves a lot of collisions. The purpose of the study was to analyse the injuries incurred by 25 amateur female rugby players in two selected clubs in Kampala District, Uganda. The objectives of the study were to establish the injuries incurred by female rugby players during rugby playing, to identify the factors that lead to injuries incurred by the female players during the game and to establish relationship between causes and injuries during training and competition. It was hypothesized that: there was no significant relationship between the occurrence of injuries and the time of the day of occurrence; and that there was no significant relationship between the occurrence of injuries and the phase of play; and finally there was no significant relationship between the occurrence of injuries and the site of the body at which the injury occurred. Questionnaires for players, coaches and medical personnel as well as an observation checklist were used to collect data. Finally, an interview guide was used to collect the information that could not be obtained using the other tools. The study was mainly quantitative in which descriptive statistics was used and data__was_analyzed using SPSS. The hypotheses were tested using Chi-square and Pearson's correlation at P < 0.05. Both frequency and cross-tables were used for data presentation. The results indicated that most injuries (92%) were bruises caused by collision with other players and many injuries (56%) were sustained during the middle phase of the games. Participants experienced most injuries around the knee and the treatment given to most injured participants (47%) was pain killers. Occurrence of injuries had no significant relationship to the time of occurrence of the injury, phase within which the injury occurred and the degree of the injury. Based on the findings, the study recommended consideration of time of the day, necessary protective gear and presence of qualified and full time medical personnel during the competitions in addition to sensitization of the teams administration and players about the usefulness of injury prevention in relation to retention and performance of the players. More research should be carried out to find out about injury management and rehabilitation of injured athletes.
Anthropometric characterisation of male soccer players in northern Uganda
(Kyambogo University, 2021-08) Opiyo, Washington
The study purpose was to assess anthropometric characterisation of male soccer players in Northern Uganda. One hundred ninety-two players aged between 16 and 36years were sampled taking into account their playing positions as goalkeepers (GK), defenders (DF), midfielders (MF) and forwards (FW). Descriptive cross- sectional design was employed. The ISAK protocol was considered to measure anthropometric variables: weight; height; circumferences; n_/10; skinfolds, n_/2; and breadths, n_/6. BMI n-1, %BF, and somatotype were determined. The data was analyzed by STATA version 14C, Bartlett’s test for hypothesis done and level of significance was set at (p<0.05). The results showed that GK (71.3kg ± 4.5; 177.5 cm ± 6.7) were the heaviest and tallest compared to others and MF (67.2 kg ± 6.6; 171.6 cm ± 5.9) were the lightest and shortest.Majority (82.8%) of the players had normal BMI, with higher mean %BF (16.3%) than the recommended fat percentage(6-13%) and they showed dominancy in mesomorphic somatotype.There was no significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in; BMI (p=0.30, F=1.22), %BF (p=0.22, F=1.49), endomorph (p=0.20, F=1.57), and ectomorph (p=0.56, F=0.68) with exception of mesomorph (p=0.01, F=3.65) that showed significant difference among players in different playing positions. The study concluded that players in Northern Uganda were generally heavier and taller with most of them having higher body fat percentage than the recommended fat percentage for soccer players. Therefore, this study recommended that coaches should design training that cater for the anthropometric requirements of each playing position to improve soccer performance. Keywords: Anthropometry, body composition, soccer performance.
Assessing games teachers' competence in training kids athletics events in primary schools in soroti city, Uganda
(Kyambogo University [unpublished work], 2023-09) Opio, Nicholas
This study assessed games teachers' competence in training kids' athletics events in primary schools in Soroti City, Uganda. The study looked at the competence of games teachers in relation to the selection and use of appropriate materials in training kid's athletics events, establish the games teachers' competence to organize and demonstrate kids' athletics events, assess challenges that affect games teachers in training kids' athletics and suggest way of mitigating the challenges that affect games teachers' competence in training kids' athletics events in Soroti City. The study was carried out to 36 Games Teachers and two hundred sixteen (216) pupils throughout eighteen (18) chosen primary schools in Soroti City, Uganda. The schools were purposefully selected and the participants were games teachers and Pupils between (7 to 14) years, this mixed methods study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design. Interviews, questionnaires, and observations were used to gather data. Statistical Packages for Social Scientists (SPSS) software was used to conduct a descriptive analysis of the data. Frequency distributions, percentages and mean tables, were used to illustrate the findings. The study results showed that game teachers knew how to choose materials and other supplies for Kids' Athletics. The teachers were competent in organizing and demonstrating shot-put (M=2.94 ±SE= 0.18), event compared to other selected activities. The major challenges observed in the study were lack of training courses and equipment that affect the training of kid's athletics programme. The study recommends that the best way to address the issues mentioned is to provide equipment and refresher courses.
Assessment of selected health related fitness components of the Uganda Police Force from the Central region of Uganda
(Kyambogo University(Unpublished work), 2009-08) Balagana, Charles G. M.
This study was conducted in the Police force from the central region of Uganda. The objectives of the study were: to establish the fitness levels of the Uganda Police force with regard to selected fitness variables and to ascertain the relationship between duty performance and the selected fitness variables in the police force. Four (4) health related physical fitness components were assessed and these are: Aerobic endurance, Flexibility, Strength endurance and Percent body fat. The sample comprised of 60 subjects split equally between the Traffic police and the Riot police departments. A pre-experimental research design was used in this study. Purposive sampling procedure was employed in selecting the Police Departments. Stratified random sampling procedure was used in selecting the subjects and simple random sampling technique was used to choose the subjects per their duty stations, within the same department and of the same gender. The results were then compared to the already established norms as published by the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD 1985). Fitness tests for each of the selected fitness components were carried out and the data obtained was compared with the norms as established by AAHPERD (1985). There after, the data was analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOV A) method in order to test the research hypotheses. For the aerobic condition, 73.3% from the traffic police department and 53.3% from the riot police department showed bad aerobic condition. For strength endurance levels; 60% of the subjects from the traffic police department scored strength endurance levels below average while 50% of the subjects from the riot police department scored above average. On the side of flexibility scores; 66.6% of the total sample from the riot police department had flexibility scores above the average mark while 50% of the total sample from the traffic police had their flexibility scores above the average mark. The flexibility scores from both the riot and traffic police departments therefore put all the subjects within the acceptable range. Body composition results revealed that there was no subject that was over fat from both the riot and traffic police department. It was recommended that regular fitness test programmes should be initiated in the Uganda police force.
Body composition analysis of pupils in urban schools in central Uganda
(International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2013-07) Constance, A. N. Nsibambi
A pre experimental research was conducted to analyse the body composition of 1929 pupils aged 6 to 9 years in central Uganda. Anthropometric measures (height and weight) were taken and Body Mass Index (BMI) was computed. Pupils were classified into respective weight categories using WHO (2007) CDC –BMI for sex–age growth charts. The results showed that out of the 901 boys 92% had normal weight, 5% were underweight, 2 % were overweight and 1% was obese. Of the 1028 girls, 78.5% had normal weight, 3.1% were underweight, 11.6% were overweight and 6.8% were obese. The results also revealed significant gender difference with boys having lower mean BMI scores than girls (using p ≤ 0.05). The study concluded that underweight, overweight and obesity are prevalent of among Ugandan children and this requires putting in place strategies that promote physical activity and appropriate nutritional habits in schools and communities.
Body weight status, exercise routines and nutritional patterns of clients in health clubs in Kampala city, Uganda
(Kyambogo university [unpublished work], 2017-12) Nahwera, Loyce
The prevalence of overweight and obesity (OWO) is increasing m developing countries including Uganda. This has been linked to lifestyle and work related pressure that has negatively influenced physical activity and nutritional patterns. The health and fitness industry has become increasingly crucial in providing some fom1 of therapy to curb OWO. However little is known about clients who visited the fitness clubs. The study assessed the body weight status, exercise routines and nutritional patterns of clients in selected health clubs. Cross sectional survey design was used to assess body weight status, exercise routines and nutritional patterns of clients. Purposive sampling was used to select Kampala city, stratified sampling to select clients according to gender, and quota sampling to select two health clubs from each of the five divisions of Kampala city. Sample size was 206 clients and 100 clients responded. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured. BMI, WC and WHR were computed. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences version 16 and results presented using graphs, pie charts and tables. Using BMI, (45.3% male (M), 57.4% female (F), (18.9% M, 25.5% F) and (35.8% M, 17.0% F) were overweight, obese and normal respectively. Using WC, 51.06% F and 11 .3% M were overweight or obese and using WHR, 24% M and 20% F were above the normal range. Results revealed that there was a significant relationship between BMI and WC scores of clients in Kampala health clubs. there was no significant relationship between BMI and WHR scores of clients in Kampala city health clubs and there was a significant difference between the weight status of female and male clients in Kampala city health clubs. Most clients took unhealthy diet and engaged in cardio training activities which alone may not provide optimal results. Study concluded that OWO are prevalent among clients in Kampala city and female clients were more overweight and obese than male clients. Study recommended appropriate exercise and nutritional programs for clients
Comparison of Kyambogo and Makerere university physical education teacher training programmes and perceived competence of their physical education teacher graduates
(Kyambogo University, 2021-07) Mugera, John
Background: The study compared the perceived competence of secondary school Physical Education (PE) teachers who graduated from public intuitions in Uganda -A case of Kyambogo and Makerere University. Methods: the study utilized a mixed research method, analyzed Physical Education Teacher Training (PETT) curriculum documents, and also interviewed university Physical Education teacher trainers. Questionnaire was used to collect data from 52 in-service secondary school PE teachers in three competence areas; instructional planning, presentation and assessment of learning. Content analysis was used to interpret qualitative data. An independent T-test using SPSS was applied on quantitative data to test fir the similarities and differences regarding PETT and Teachers perceived competences. Results: There was no significant differences in PETT in relation to curriculum content and teacher training process between Makerere and Kyambogo (t (10) =0.889, p= 0.395) and the graduate secondary school PE teachers showed no significant difference instructional presentation competencies (t (50) =1.642, p≥0.05). However, there was a significant difference in perceived competence in relation to instructional planning (t (50) =2.305, p≤0.05) and assessment of learning (t (50) =2.678, p≤0.05) among the PE teacher graduates from Kyambogo and Makerere. Secondary school PE teachers from Kyambogo perceived higher levels of instructional planning competencies compared to those from Makerere. Recommendations: Ministry of Education and Sports should regularly have in-service training of PE teachers, both Kyambogo and Makerere university should increase on full time staff to boost PETT units and more research should be done to examine PETT in others institutions in Uganda at different levels and Assess competences of PE teachers at different education levels.
Country profile: sport policy in Uganda
(International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 2022-07-01) Emmanuel, Sebata; Yanli, Li
Explicitly tracing the current sport system structure, status and policy framework, this article is set out to review and provide a broad understanding of Uganda’s sports policies. It examines historical overview, government involvement, administrative setup and the wider sport policy setting including the funding mechanisms, elite sport participation and performance, legal framework, key trends, and emerging sport policy issues. The article offers an up-to-date overview of Uganda’s sport policy landscape largely since it gained its independence from the colonial rulers in 1962. However much Uganda is regarded as one of the African sports powerhouses, relatively little research has been published on both its earlier and contemporary sport policies, and even less on the implementation, administration, management and performance of elite sport. It argues that the main ambitions and priorities of the Ugandan government should not only be concentrated on attaining mass sports participation, elite sport success, national identity, economic transformation and a healthy and active population but rather on striking a balance between them. The article delineates the starting point for improving sports development through reshaping Uganda’s sport policy.
Determinants of children’s participation in organised physical activities: a case of Kawempe division-Kampala Uganda
(Kyambogo University, 2021-07) Nabaggala, Elyvania
The study aimed at establishing determinants of participation in Organised Physical Activities among primary school age going children (7-15 years) in Kawempe Division using descriptive cross sectional design. A sample size of 433 respondents was selected and data was collected from 265 respondents (15 LC II, 10 coaches, 12 PES teachers and 228 children) using questionnaires, interviews guides, observation guides and document analysis. Analysis of quantitative data was through frequencies and percentages and qualitative data was through content framework using Nvivo software (QRS International). The study involved 99 children outside school with 92 (93%) boys and seven (7%) girls and 129 children inside school with 66 (51%) girls and 63 (49%) boys. Children between the age of 7-9 years 34 (34%), 10-12 years 46 (47%) and 13-15 years 19 (19%) participated outside school. Both in and outside school, team activities were more offered. The study revealed that demographic factors such as gender and age; socio-economic support from parents, coaches and teachers; built environment including availability of facilities, safety and security of areas and perceived benefits were determinants of children participation in OPA. The study concluded that there are factors negatively affecting children’s participation and interventional strategies need to be devised to improve participation in OPA. The study recommended that all children should be motivated and offered opportunities to get more active through funding OPA both inside and outside school.
Effect of exercise programme intervention in management of type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients at Gulu regional referral hospital, Uganda.
(Kyambogo University [unpublished work], 2015-09) Ojara, Ricky Richard
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise programme on Glycocylated Hemoglobin (HbAlc) in the outpatients from Gulu Regional Referral Hospital (GRRH). 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participated in the study. The programme was done on treadmill and bicycle ergometers, three times a week for 30-60 minutes per session, at 60-75% of the individual's maximum hea1t rate for 8 weeks. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the level of participation in physical activities. Repeated measures t-test (p < 0.05) was used to determine significant differences in HbA 1 c as well as BMI of the patients. The analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 11.0). It was found that the patients did not participate in an organized exercise programme before. After the exercise, there was a significant difference in HbAlc between the experimental and the control group (p= 0.000). There was an average reduction of 2.22% (p=0.000) in HbAlc among the experimental group. However, there was no significant gender difference in HbAlc (p= 0.88). There was significant difference in BMI among the experimental group (p= 0.000). The programme was therefore effective for the T2DM patients. It is recommended that health service providers should assign exercise programmers for diabetes, sensitize patients on the importance of physical exercise in the management of sugar level.
Effects of an aerobic dance programme on percent body fat in stage one hypertensive adults aged 30-59
(Advances in Health and Exercise, 2024-12-07) Nahwera, Loyce; Boit, Edwin Kiptolo; Nsibambi, Constance A. N.; Maghanga, Mshilla; Wachira, Lucy-Joy
Hypertension stands out as a significant concern affecting roughly 1.5 billion individuals globally and is responsible for around 10.8 million premature deaths annually. High percent body fat in humans can contribute to the development of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension in Uganda is high and it is a major mortality hazard factor for Ugandans. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week aerobic dance programme on percent body fat in stage one hypertensive adults aged 30-59 in Uganda. This study employed pre-post-test experimental research design. The study participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group, where a 12-week moderate intensity aerobic dance programme was administered thrice a week for 45 minutes per session, or control group, where no intervention was administered and participants maintained their regular routines. The measurements of percent body fat were done using a Tanita body composition monitor at baseline and post the programme. A paired sample t-test was used to compare mean differences between the two groups. The results for the experimental group indicated that aerobic dance did not lead to a statistically significant reduction in percent body fat (p=0.472). Similarly, the control group showed no statistically significant reduction (p=0.520). In conclusion, the aerobic dance programme did not lead to a significant reduction in body fat for this population. However, high body fat remains a risk factor for hypertension. Future studies should explore additional factors, such as dietary influences, to better assess their effects on body composition and hypertension risk.
Epidemiology and causes of common soccer injuries during university games in Uganda
(Kabale University Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 2022-07) Olive, Tusiime; Eunice, Kateshumbwa; Milton, Chebet
The study sought to establish the common soccer injuries, their causes and management among Busitema University athletes. The study used a cross-sectional survey design involving quantitative and qualitative approaches on a sample of 76 respondents, obtained by simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected by use of self- administered questionnaires, an observational tool and interview guide. Quantitative data analysis involved generation of descriptive statistics; frequencies, percentages and means. Qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. The study established that the common injuries were ligament sprain or strains (56.6%) and re-injuries (55.1%). Dry and hard grounds, joint instability, bad playing field conditions, inadequate treatment/ rehabilitation from previous injury, exercise overload/ over training, poor skill execution, poor training techniques and player neglect caused the injuries. It was recommended that quality playing fields and equipment, providing players with adequate attention and advocating for full implementation of fair play rules should be fostered to abate sports injuries.
Factors influencing students’ participation in University sports in Tanzania: a case study of Morogoro region
(Kyambogo University [unpublished work], 2022-07) Hosea, Daniel
This study investigated factors influencing students’ participation in university sports programmes in Morogoro Region (Tanzania). The study was guided by selfdetermination theory by Deci and Ryan (1985 and 2000), which explains how motivation influence individual gaining an interest to participate in a particular activity. The study was conducted in Sokoine University of Agriculture - a public university and Muslim University of Morogoro (a private university). The study objectives were to; assess the level of students’ participation in university sports programmes; Assess university students’ patterns of participating in sports and Assess factors influencing students’ participation sports programmes. Descriptive research design was applied using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data collection was done through administering questionnaires. Out of 205 distributed questionnaires, 176 (85%) were returned and used for data analysis. The study results revealed that students’ level of participation was low where by majority (87%) did sports less than two times per week. Also students’ participation in sports was influenced by academic work loads and time table, lack of motivation, inadequate finance, religious values, inadequate sports facilities and equipment and little consideration for disabled students. In order to enhance students’ participation in sports in Tanzanian Universities, The researcher recommended that universities should include: co-curricular activities in academic time table; motivate students; establish adequate and ensure maintenance of the existing facilities; modify unfriendly religious values /practice; Solicit and budgeting enough funds; initiating university sports policies; consider disabled students; ensure sports implementation in all levels of the education system.
From the Asia-Pacific to Africa: the involvement of stakeholders in the novel esports societies in the digital sport era
(Sport in Society, 2024-06-17) Sebata, Emmanuel; Li, Yanli
Esport is steadily evolving yet gaining recognition and critical mass although still in its infancy. Since it is a relatively new phenomenon, new potential stakeholders emerge. However, esports stakeholder panoramas in many Asia-Pacific and African societies have remained obscure. By incorporating the stakeholder theory, integrative literature review, focus group research design, this paper offers fruitful insights about the esport ecosystem in the digital sport era. The findings underpin that anchoring stakeholder relationships on technology adoption, hands-on stakeholder engagements and collaborations, institutionalization of gaming and esports tourism, entities can boost their competitiveness and momentum to flourish in the midst of legitimacy challenges and the growing antagonism with traditional sports. The result indicates that stakeholders occupy valuable space in the value chain. This paper’s key contribution is the proposing of a conceptual framework for augmenting growth, co-creation, governance, and future ecosystem mapping in the increasingly dynamic esport space.
Historical Review of Professional Football Migration Trends from Uganda in the Era of Liberalized Sport Labour Migration, 1964-2022
(The International Journal of the History of Sport, 2023-12-15) Li, Yanli; Sebata, Emmanuel
Elite football migration from Africa has drawn much scholarly attention. The social value attached to the ostensibly fortunate players crossing borders has grown expansively in the continent. Still, little empirical research is available on East African football. To lay the foundations to study Ugandan footballers’ transnational lives, history, and migration trajectory, a historical review of Uganda’s football migration trends is presented. Until 1962, Ugandan sports were under the British influence and control, athlete movement was restricted, football structures were flimsy, and the economy was in dismay. With professionalization, globalization, commercialization of sports, as well as the free movement of professional athletes endorsed by the 1995 Bosman Ruling, ushered in a new era of liberalized sport labour migration. Ugandan footballers were among those who participated in this phenomenon, sometimes using other African football leagues as a springboard to their desired destinations. While football migration in the early years was dominated by men, by the early 2000s women footballers also started departing, albeit at a slower pace and following distinct migration trajectories to their male counterparts. Moreover, Ugandan footballers do not follow a predictable or consistent migration patterns, exposing the need for indepth research into the unique migration trajectories and life histories.
Influence of perceived services cape on the customers' repatronage intentions in selected leisure centres in Mbale district, Uganda
(Kyambogo University(unpublished), 2011-10) Higenyi,Danny
The degree of excitement which customers experience while consuming the leisure services may be a determinant of their satisfaction with the service experience. The services cape is important because it can either enhance or suppress these emotions. This study titled influence of perceived services cape on customers' repatronage intentions therefore sought to assess the influence of consumers' perceptions of the services cape with their level of satisfaction with the leisure service and their subsequence repatronage intentions in selected cinema, theatre and video halls in Mbale District. Research tools for eliciting data included questionnaires, observation schedules and interviews. A random sample of 140 respondents (28% of the population) was selected from purposively selected leisure centres. Through open coding variables were contrasted, compared and relationships established. Analysis was by constant comparative analysis that implored grounded theory methods to compare layout accessibility, facility aesthetic, seating comfort, electronic equipment and displays, and cleanliness. Findings showed that the respondents who perceived the services cape to be of high ,quality reported higher levels of satisfaction with the services cape and hence were willing to repatronage (32%). Respondents who perceived the services cape to be of low quality experienced less excitement and reported lower levels of satisfaction (68%). Respondents who felt crowded were less excited about the services cape and perceived it to be of lower quality (68% ). Respondents who were highly involved in the service centres expressed higher levels of satisfaction with the services cape and indicated a greater willingness to continue using the facilities (58.6% ). Gender did not affect the customers' desire to stay at the center, their perception of the services cape and level of satisfaction. Age significantly affected client's desire to repatronage the leisure service centres. The level of satisfaction varied across the leisure service scale with respondents in upper scale exhibiting higher level (JL= 4.333), middle scale (f.l= 3.903) and lower scale (f.l=3 .199). Facility esthetics, P-value=0.600, layout accessibility P-value=0.368 and electronic equipment and displays had no significant effect on repatronage intentions. Layout accessibility Pvalue= 0.088, facility esthetics P-value=0.161 and crowding P-value =0.337 had no significant effect on satisfaction. Cleanliness of leisure centres P-value=0.397 and electronic equipment and displays P-value=0.363 had no significant effect on the quality of the facility . Recommendations included: managers should pay careful attention to each aspect of the servicescape to ensure that customers are satisfied both with the primary and holistic service experience. Managers/service providers should check and improve on sitting comfort and cleanliness of their leisure centres to bring about increase in customers' desire to stay or repatronage the place. Managers of leisure service centres should provide ample space to facilitate exploration and stimulation within the services cape. Proprietors of leisure centres should have some mode of electronic information and entertainment to make stay in the facility more exciting and satisfying. Signs, symbols, and artifacts should be put in place to help customers draw cues in the environment by the service providers. Policy implementers, particularly the district medical officers and health inspectors should ensure that managers of leisure centres follow health/safe
The influence of transformational leadership style on successful team management in selected kampala volleyball clubs.
(Kyambogo University [unpublished work], 2014-01) Mpuuja, Tom Mutebi
The study explored the influence of transformational leadership on successful team management of selected Kampala volleyball teams. Specific objectives were: to investigate the influence of idealized influence on successful management, to investigate the influence of inspirational motivation on successful team management; to find out how intellectual stimulation affects successful management of volleyball teams and to investigate the influence of individualized consideration on successful team management of volleyball teams. This study utilized a correlation design. A sample size was therefore a total of 86 volleyball players from 10 clubs were interviewed. On the other hand, for qualitative data, convenience sampling technique was used to select 20 leaders from each club respectively. Stratified sampling techniques were used while Questionnaire and Interview Guides were used for data collection. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16, where descriptive statistics and correlation were ran and determined. Major findings indicated a strong, positive and significant relationship between idealized Influence and successful team management. Also findings reveal that idealized influence can predict 18.9% of variance in successful team management. The study concluded that all four elements once implemented can predict a 77.3% total variance in team management. Major conclusions indicated that the research hypotheses that were upheld. The study recommended that there is need for integration of other knowledge in coaching for instance, mentoring of players seems to help then fit in within the team, need to understand how each team member is motivated in various settings, developing drills in training that create innovativeness, which will enable the players to find solutions to challenges and finally need for coaches to analyze the player's level and execution of skill as an indi~idual.
Injury occurrence among rugby players in secondary schools in central Uganda in the year 2019 rugby league
(Kyambogo University, 2021-08) Muyanja, Ronald
Sport is a leisure activity in which humans find amusing or entertaining. Sports like soccer, rugby, basketball are continuously growing and becoming popular. The increase in popularity has raised participation in form of leisure, winning medals and economic benefits. The increase in participation has led to increase in injury occurrence risks especially in the sport of rugby. Rugby is physical contact and collision sport with massive support worldwide. Rugby has been identified and ranked among the highest risky sport and contributor to injuries worldwide. However, there is little literature and no study evidence has been done to document injury occurrence among rugby players in secondary schools in central Uganda in the year 2019 rugby league. The goal of this present study was to establish the occurrence of injuries among rugby players in Secondary Schools in Central Uganda in the year 2019 rugby league. The study objectives were to establish the common types of injuries, to determine the intrinsic and extrinsic factors attributed to injury occurrence among rugby players in Secondary Schools in Central Uganda in the year 2019 rugby league. A cross-section study was conducted involving instrument which collected data concerning socio-demographic information, common injuries, time of their occurrence, intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with injury occurrence and strategies to reduce injuries on 234 respondents.198 were male rugby players and 36 administrators. Data was analyzed thematically and using cross tabulation method. Results indicated that majority of respondents in this study were18 years and above making 272 (58%) compared to those of 17 years and below. A total of 358 injuries were recorded during this study and 339 (95%) were soft tissue and 19 (5%) were hard tissue injuries. Majority of the soft tissue injuries were bruises at114 (34%) followed by 64 (19%) strains and 14 (74%) dislocations. 208 (58%) injuries occurred during second half of matches and 150 (42%) injuries occurred in the first half. Intrinsic factors were the primary causes of injuries whereas extrinsic factors also contributed. Wrong execution of rugby skills was noted as the most intrinsic factor for injury occurrence at 227 (97%) respondents out of 234 and failure to use safety gear was also noted as the most extrinsic factor to attribute to injuries and 234 (100%) supported it. 234 (100%) supported use of safety gears and 227 (97%) supported execution of the right techniques of the game as the best strategies to reduce injury occurrence. It was concluded that injury occurrence during this league was high compared to other studies elsewhere. In addition, majority of the injuries were soft tissue, minor and moderate especially due to the wrong execution of rugby skills. This meant that the medical officers have got a lot of work to attend to these rugby players especially during the course of matches.
Physical activity patterns and fitness status of A and B division soldiers of Uganda peoples' defense forces
(Kyambogo University [unpublished work], 2014-01) Mwebaze, Nicholas
The main objective of this study was to assess physical activity patterns and fitness status of soldiers in A and B Divisions of UPDF. The study employed a cross-sectional survey, a preexperimental research design and a stratified sampling procedure was used to select 200 subjects based on division and duration of service. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Descriptive statistics was also used which included; mean, mode, standard deviation percentages and frequencies. ANOV A was performed to examine the differences. A p-value S 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study found out that most soldiers engage in physical activities around their home and work place. However, 70% of the subjects registered no leisure time activity at all which would be the best since its contribution to fitness can easily be measured. The study found no significant difference in law back and hamstring flexibility. The findings also indicated that, there was a significant difference between the junior and senior soldiers in core muscle endurance, and aerobic endurance, with a p value of 0.005 for sit ups, 0.000 for push-ups and 0.002 for a two mile run. The study concluded that majority of the subjects do not engage in leisure time activities and the performance of the subjects compared to the US standards was good. It was recommended that there is a need to conduct regular fitness tests, increase the official time for sports. The study also emphasized the need to sensitize soldiers on the importance of fitness, the need for commanders to be given a duty to ensure the fitness of their soldiers which will make work and responsibility distributed easily to ensure all soldiers engage in fitness activities.

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