Journal Articles

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Effects of aerobic exercise on health outcomes and quality of health in people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy
(Advances in Health and Exercise, 2025-05-18) Mwebaze, Nicholas; Chebet, Milton; Linika, Lumbuye; Nabaggala, Elyvania; Nahwera, Loyce
HIV remains a global major public health issue and the cases in developing countries are so high. Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) plays a big role in reducing the morbidity and mortality among the people living with HIV (PLHIV). The ART is associated with long-term side effects including an increased risk of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. These complications negatively impact the quality of life of PLHIV, necessitating holistic approaches to care. While ART controls viral replication, complementary strategies, including lifestyle interventions like exercise, are essential to mitigate NCDs. Exercise, particularly aerobic and resistance training, has been shown to improve cardiovascular health, metabolic function, and psychological well-being in PLHIV. Specific exercises such as walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, and weight training can help manage NCDs effectively when tailored to an individual’s fitness level and health needs. Supervised exercise programs, led by professionals such as clinical exercise physiologists, are critical to ensure safety, optimize benefits, and encourage adherence. These programs could be integrated into HIV care to provide structured and effective interventions. In limited resource countries, access to exercise facilities, and a lack of trained professionals present significant barriers to implementing exercise programs for PLHIV. Additionally, cultural misconceptions and a lack of awareness about the role of exercise in health management hinder uptake. However, from the reviewed papers, research gaps exist regarding context-specific exercise protocols, the long-term benefits of supervised exercise, and how to best implement these programs in resource-limited settings. In conclusion, structured exercise programs hold great potential to improve health outcomes and quality of life for PLHIV on ART. Addressing existing barriers and conducting further research are essential to maximize the impact of exercise as a tool for managing NCDs in this population.
Twelve Weeks Aerobic Exercise Improves Anxiety and Depression in HIV Positive Clients on Art in Uganda
(İbrahim ERDEMİR, 2024-12-31) Mwebaze, Nicholas ; Nsibambi, Constance Adron Nakayiza ; Ojuka, Edward ; Maghanga, Mshilla
Aim: The study aimed at bridging the gap by assessing the impact of a 12-week aerobic exercise program on anxiety and depression for HIV-positive clients. Methods: The study, conducted at the General Military Hospital in Uganda, employed a quasi-experimental design. Quantitative data was collected using questionnaires and a sample of 135 people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy engaged in the study. Quantitative data was analyzed using t-tests, revealing significant reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms among participants. Results: The findings demonstrated a 58.5% reduction in depression symptoms and a 72% decrease in anxiety symptoms among participants engaged in aerobic exercises. Both groups exhibited improvements, with the experimental group showing greater reductions. The results further revealed that depression and anxiety are two to four times more common in individuals living with HIV than in those without the virus, and depression is also more common in those on HAART than in those without the virus. Conclusion: The results support the potential of aerobic exercise as a valuable adjunct therapy for people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. Well-structured and supervised aerobic exercise was found to be essential for improving the clinical outcomes of PLHIV on ART.
Effects of a 12-week aerobic dance programme on diastolic blood pressure in stage one hypertensive adults
(Nurtekin ERKMEN, 2024-10) Nahwera, Loyce ; Boit, Edwin Kiptolo ; Nsibambi, Constance Adron Nakayiza ; Maghanga, Mshilla ; Wachira, Lucy-joy
Hypertension, which impacts over 1.5 billion people globally is a crucial health challenge accountable for more than 10.8 million early deaths yearly. Our study used an experimental design to investigate the effects of aerobic dance programme on diastolic blood pressure levels in stage one hypertensive adults over a 12-week period. The study participants were randomly allocated into either the experimental or control groups. Diastolic blood pressure measurements were collected using a mercury sphygmomanometer at baseline and post programme. The 12-week aerobic dance programme entailed three 45-minute sessions per week, at a moderate intensity. The paired samples t-test was used to compare mean differences within the groups with the significance level set at P<0.05. Findings showed that mean diastolic blood pressure of participants in the experimental group was 93.11±3.708 mmHg and 91.61±4.340 mmHg at baseline and post programme while that of the control group was 92.39±3.032 mmHg and 92.06±6.655 mmHg respectively. This implies that there was a marginal reduction of -1.50 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure of the experimental group while the control group remained relatively constant at -0.33mmHg after the programme. Paired sample t-test results confirmed no statistically significant effects (t(17)=1.129, p=.275) for experimental group as well as the control group (t(17)=.257, p=.800). This study concluded that participating in an aerobic dance programme at a moderate intensity for 12 weeks did not statistically significantly reduce diastolic blood pressure of adults with stage one hypertension. Future studies on this population should investigate additional influencing factors and varying training intensity to assess any other effects.
Implications of a twelve-week aerobic exercise on functional work capacity in HIV positive clients on antiretroviral therapy
(Nurtekin ERKMEN, 2024-08-01) Mwebaze, N.,; Nsibambi, C. A. N.,; Ojuka, E.,; Maghanga, M.
The implications of aerobic exercise on functional work capacity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive clients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Uganda have been established. ART and the efforts to scale it up have significantly improved the value of life and life’s hope of among PLHIV. Despite the presence of ART HIV disease is still seen in wards and a significant loss of life due to AIDS. This study provides useful information to the Ministry of Health of Uganda on the implications of aerobic exercises on functional work capacity as a clinical outcome to HIV positive clients in Uganda. This helps in refining the existing information on aerobic exercises and their relevancy in management of HIV positive clients. An experimental study was conducted among HIV positive clients who had been on treatment for at least 12 months prior to the study. Volunteers were randomly assigned to a control group (Group 1), where no treatment was administered, and an experimental group (Group 2), where a twelve-week moderate intensity aerobic exercise was administered. Assessment of functional work capacity was done as a pre-test and post-test for both groups. The results showed that aerobic exercises significantly improved both heart rate and VO2max with p-values of <0.001 indicating a significant improvement of VO2max from 25.13 to 34.19ml/kg/min while the control group improved by 3.73ml/kg/min. Aerobic exercise can, therefore, improve the quality of life; reduce the cost of management, mobility and mortality rates in HIV positive clients on ART in Uganda.
Aerobic-exercise training effects on immunological markers in individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Uganda
(Nurtekin ERKMEN, 2024-06-30) Mwebaze, N.,; Nsibambi, C. A. N.,; Ojuka, E.,; Maghanga, M.,
There is critical relevance in understanding the multidisciplinary management of HIV/AIDs among individuals obtaining health services in Uganda. The purpose of the study was therefore to assess the effects of aerobic exercise training on immunological markers as a clinical outcome of Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive clients attending a chronic HIV clinic at a General Military HospitalBombo. A pre-post experimental design was used to understand differences between the experimental and control groups. Participants were Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive clients who had been on treatment that is, Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy for at least 12 months. They were randomly assigned to either a control group (Group 1): who did not participate in the aerobic exercise, or an experimental group (Group 2): where a 12-week moderate intensity aerobic exercise, for not less than 3 times a week, and for at least 45 minutes per session was administered. Both groups were assessed using a physical activity readiness questionnaire. Thereafter, assessment of the clinical outcomes that is, immunological measures using Clusters of differentiation 4 were assessed. While the experimental group participated in the exercise, the control group members were followed up during the 12 weeks to ensure that they remained in the study. After the 12 weeks post-test was done. The findings of this study revealed that aerobic exercises significantly increased Clusters of differentiation 4 count in both males and females by 29.7% on average (p<0.001). Aerobic exercise is therefore likely to increase quality of life, reduce mobility and mortality rates in Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive clients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Effects of aerobic dance on systolic blood pressure in stage one hypertensive adults in Uganda
(BJM Open Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2025-02-05) Nahwera, Loyce; Boit, Edwin Kiptolo; Nsibambi, Constance A.N.; Maghanga, Mshilla; Wachira, Lucy-Joy
Objective To investigate the effects of a 12-week aerobic dance programme on systolic blood pressure (SBP) in stage one hypertensive adults. Methods This study employed an experimental research design. 36 out of 58 stage one hypertensive adults randomly assigned into experimental and control groups completed the programme. SBP was measured using a mercury sphygmomanometer at baseline and post programme. The experimental group participants trained thrice a week, 45 min per session, and at a moderate intensity, but the control group continued doing their daily routines. Data were analysed using SPSS V.20. A two-tailed t-test was used to compare the mean differences of the two groups. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The experimental group had a mean SBP of 143.83±6.382 mm Hg at baseline, while the control had 137.61±6.400 mm Hg. After a 12-week aerobic dance programme, the mean SBP of the experimental group reduced to 136.33±9.191 mm Hg, while that of the control group increased to 139.56±9.954 mm Hg. This implies that the 12-week aerobic dance programme reduced the SBP of the experimental group by −7.50 mm Hg while that of the control group remained more or less the same by having a marginal increment of 1.50 mm Hg. The changes were statistically significant (p<0.002) after a 12-week aerobic dance programme. Conclusion The aerobic dance programme effectively manages the SBP of stage one hypertensive adults. In Uganda, stakeholders and policymakers should consider incorporating aerobic dance as a non-pharmacological method for hypertension management protocols.
One bird, one stone: professionalization of sport structures as a strategy for harnessing elite sport success in Uganda
(Sport in Society, 2025-01-22) Sebata, Emmanuel
This paper explores the significance of professionalization of sport in harnessing elite sport success in Uganda’s sport system. The study adopted qualitative and case study designs involving an exhaustive review of literature; in-depth semi-structured interview data analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that professionalization unblocks the channels for improved sporting training, competition, and performance; at elite sport events while at the same time triggering other unanticipated cross-level ‘ripple’ effects that buttress Uganda’s elite sport success. The professionalization process has however been punctuated by eminent barriers. This paper argues that professionalizing Uganda’s sport structures not only boosts the medal winning potential but also maximize its chances of tapping into the interminable benefits including; reducing amateur structures, bolstering mass sport, competitive and elite sport participation, raising the revenue generation potential of sports, and improving the general success on the pitch, all of which maximize sport contribution to Uganda’s economy.
The impact of 12-week supervised aerobic exercise on psychological markers in HIV clients on ART
(Advances in Health and Exercise, 2024-12-19) Nicholas, Mwebaze; Constance, A. N. N.; Edward, Ojuka; Mshilla, Maghanga
The study aimed to assess the impact of a supervised 12-week aerobic exercise program on paranoid ideation and phobia in HIV-positive clients undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART). Conducted at the General Military Hospital in Uganda, the study employed a quasi-experimental design. Quantitative data were collected from 135 participants recruited for the study. Data analysis using paired-sample t-tests revealed significant reductions in paranoid ideation and phobia symptoms among participants. Before the intervention, most participants experienced symptoms of paranoid ideation and phobia. After the intervention, the results showed an 81.9% reduction in paranoid ideation symptoms and a 42.3% decrease in phobia symptoms. Aerobic exercise is a valuable adjunct therapy for improving psychological markers in HIV-positive clients on ART.
Effects of an aerobic dance programme on percent body fat in stage one hypertensive adults aged 30-59
(Advances in Health and Exercise, 2024-12-07) Nahwera, Loyce; Boit, Edwin Kiptolo; Nsibambi, Constance A. N.; Maghanga, Mshilla; Wachira, Lucy-Joy
Hypertension stands out as a significant concern affecting roughly 1.5 billion individuals globally and is responsible for around 10.8 million premature deaths annually. High percent body fat in humans can contribute to the development of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension in Uganda is high and it is a major mortality hazard factor for Ugandans. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week aerobic dance programme on percent body fat in stage one hypertensive adults aged 30-59 in Uganda. This study employed pre-post-test experimental research design. The study participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group, where a 12-week moderate intensity aerobic dance programme was administered thrice a week for 45 minutes per session, or control group, where no intervention was administered and participants maintained their regular routines. The measurements of percent body fat were done using a Tanita body composition monitor at baseline and post the programme. A paired sample t-test was used to compare mean differences between the two groups. The results for the experimental group indicated that aerobic dance did not lead to a statistically significant reduction in percent body fat (p=0.472). Similarly, the control group showed no statistically significant reduction (p=0.520). In conclusion, the aerobic dance programme did not lead to a significant reduction in body fat for this population. However, high body fat remains a risk factor for hypertension. Future studies should explore additional factors, such as dietary influences, to better assess their effects on body composition and hypertension risk.
Country profile: sport policy in Uganda
(International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 2022-07-01) Emmanuel, Sebata; Yanli, Li
Explicitly tracing the current sport system structure, status and policy framework, this article is set out to review and provide a broad understanding of Uganda’s sports policies. It examines historical overview, government involvement, administrative setup and the wider sport policy setting including the funding mechanisms, elite sport participation and performance, legal framework, key trends, and emerging sport policy issues. The article offers an up-to-date overview of Uganda’s sport policy landscape largely since it gained its independence from the colonial rulers in 1962. However much Uganda is regarded as one of the African sports powerhouses, relatively little research has been published on both its earlier and contemporary sport policies, and even less on the implementation, administration, management and performance of elite sport. It argues that the main ambitions and priorities of the Ugandan government should not only be concentrated on attaining mass sports participation, elite sport success, national identity, economic transformation and a healthy and active population but rather on striking a balance between them. The article delineates the starting point for improving sports development through reshaping Uganda’s sport policy.
From the Asia-Pacific to Africa: the involvement of stakeholders in the novel esports societies in the digital sport era
(Sport in Society, 2024-06-17) Sebata, Emmanuel; Li, Yanli
Esport is steadily evolving yet gaining recognition and critical mass although still in its infancy. Since it is a relatively new phenomenon, new potential stakeholders emerge. However, esports stakeholder panoramas in many Asia-Pacific and African societies have remained obscure. By incorporating the stakeholder theory, integrative literature review, focus group research design, this paper offers fruitful insights about the esport ecosystem in the digital sport era. The findings underpin that anchoring stakeholder relationships on technology adoption, hands-on stakeholder engagements and collaborations, institutionalization of gaming and esports tourism, entities can boost their competitiveness and momentum to flourish in the midst of legitimacy challenges and the growing antagonism with traditional sports. The result indicates that stakeholders occupy valuable space in the value chain. This paper’s key contribution is the proposing of a conceptual framework for augmenting growth, co-creation, governance, and future ecosystem mapping in the increasingly dynamic esport space.
Historical Review of Professional Football Migration Trends from Uganda in the Era of Liberalized Sport Labour Migration, 1964-2022
(The International Journal of the History of Sport, 2023-12-15) Li, Yanli; Sebata, Emmanuel
Elite football migration from Africa has drawn much scholarly attention. The social value attached to the ostensibly fortunate players crossing borders has grown expansively in the continent. Still, little empirical research is available on East African football. To lay the foundations to study Ugandan footballers’ transnational lives, history, and migration trajectory, a historical review of Uganda’s football migration trends is presented. Until 1962, Ugandan sports were under the British influence and control, athlete movement was restricted, football structures were flimsy, and the economy was in dismay. With professionalization, globalization, commercialization of sports, as well as the free movement of professional athletes endorsed by the 1995 Bosman Ruling, ushered in a new era of liberalized sport labour migration. Ugandan footballers were among those who participated in this phenomenon, sometimes using other African football leagues as a springboard to their desired destinations. While football migration in the early years was dominated by men, by the early 2000s women footballers also started departing, albeit at a slower pace and following distinct migration trajectories to their male counterparts. Moreover, Ugandan footballers do not follow a predictable or consistent migration patterns, exposing the need for indepth research into the unique migration trajectories and life histories.
Prevalence and management of common soccer injuries during university games in Uganda
(International Research Journal of Public and Environmental Health, 2020-06) Olive, Tusiime; Eunice, Kateshumbwa; Fredrick, Ssempala
The study sought to establish the common soccer injuries, their causes and management among Busitema University athletes. The study used a cross- sectional survey design involving quantitative and qualitative approaches on a sample of 76 respondents, obtained by simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected by use of self-administered questionnaires, an observational tool and interview guide. Quantitative data analysis involved generation of descriptive statistics; frequencies, percentages and means. Qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. The study established that the common injuries were ligament sprain or strains (56.6%) and re-injuries (55.1%). Dry and hard grounds, joint instability, bad playing field conditions, inadequate treatment/ rehabilitation from previous injury, exercise overload/ over training, poor skill execution, poor training techniques and player neglect caused the injuries. Sports injuries were majorly managed through taking rest and use of pain killers. It was recommended that quality playing fields and equipment, providing players with adequate attention and advocating for full implementation of fair play rules should be fostered to abate sports injuries.
Epidemiology and causes of common soccer injuries during university games in Uganda
(Kabale University Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 2022-07) Olive, Tusiime; Eunice, Kateshumbwa; Milton, Chebet
The study sought to establish the common soccer injuries, their causes and management among Busitema University athletes. The study used a cross-sectional survey design involving quantitative and qualitative approaches on a sample of 76 respondents, obtained by simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected by use of self- administered questionnaires, an observational tool and interview guide. Quantitative data analysis involved generation of descriptive statistics; frequencies, percentages and means. Qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. The study established that the common injuries were ligament sprain or strains (56.6%) and re-injuries (55.1%). Dry and hard grounds, joint instability, bad playing field conditions, inadequate treatment/ rehabilitation from previous injury, exercise overload/ over training, poor skill execution, poor training techniques and player neglect caused the injuries. It was recommended that quality playing fields and equipment, providing players with adequate attention and advocating for full implementation of fair play rules should be fostered to abate sports injuries.
The potential of vocational pedagogy in vocational education and training education part ii.
(International Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 2017) Habib, Kato; Constance, A. N. Nsibambi
This paper is the second in the intended series depicting the vocational pedagogy research carried out by the students of the Masters in Vocational Pedagogy program at Kyambogo University, Uganda. Twenty-one thesis abstracts in vocational pedagogy research were analyzed according to their purposes and findings and collated into themes. The results emphasize the importance of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the contemporary world of work and ICT is highly relevant as a qualification for employment. Well facilitated and efficient ICT training could make VET graduates better adapted to the world of work. Competence based education and training (CBET) as a policy has a place has an important role in the formal Business, Technical and Vocational Education and Training (BTVET). Such policy is practical and useful in courses that emphasise technical tasks. However, CBET may introduce rigidity in thinking based on the acquired ability of specific procedure while the aims of BTVET, especially in institutions of higher learning, requires graduates to acquire functional knowledge based on analytic inquiry.
Vocational education and training for regional economic integration: from ideas to action
(International Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 2014) Constance, A. N. Nsibambi
Africa desires to integrate her regional economies and achieve a continental common market by 2028. Such economic arrangement removes border barriers and allows free movement of goods and services between member countries. Ideally, countries have unrestricted free trade which maximize opportunities of broader market. However, if a country lacks skilled workforce, its goods and services may not meet consumers’ expectation, and as a result it may not benefit from the economic integration. his paper provides an overview of regional economic integration with its enabling and constraining effects. Insights into potential for increasing economic integration through promotion of vocational education and training are also provided.
The potential of vocational pedagogy in vocational education and training education
(International Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 2014) Habib, Kato; Constance, A. N. Nsibambi
Fifteen masters in Vocational Pedagogy thesis abstracts of researches done were analyzed by collating their purposes and findings. The findings indicated that training methods used in many institutions lacked vocational didactics. Training institutions had established frameworks, but needed to be flexible, adaptable and interact more with diverse skills needed in workplaces. Although, vocational programs for people with special needs equipped learners with survival skills but the attitude and empathy of tutors were essential. Training that required exertion necessitated female trainers as role models for female trainees. The hall marks of indigenous knowledge of doing, interaction with others, actual demonstration and verbal instruction with skills masters were found to be similar to components of vocational didactics and could therefore complement vocational training.
Prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school children in Kampala central, Uganda
(African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2014-12) Milton, Chebet; Constance, Nsibambi; Justine, Otala; D.T., Goon
Worldwide, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children is increasing at an alarming rate. While this phenomenon has been well documented in western countries, scanty information exists in African countries. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary children aged 8-12 years in Kampala, Uganda. Participants included 958 pupils (435 boys and 523 girls) from five public and five private primary schools. Weight and height were measured and body mass index calculated. The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were 8.0%, 32.3% and 21.7%, respectively. Girls had higher percentage of overweight (64.4%) and obesity (52.9%) than boys (35.6%; and 47.1%, respectively). whereas underweight occurred more among the males (57.1%) compared with the females (42.9%). Normal weight was 50.3% and 49.7% for males and females, respectively. Children in private school had higher prevalence of overweight (16.6%) and obesity (11.5%) than those attending public schools, while children in public schools were more underweight (4.6%) compared to private school children (3.4%).The present study documents a considerably higher level of overweight, obesity concomitant with underweight in Ugandan school children; with overweight and obese occurring more in girls compared to the boys. Additionally, children in private schools were more overweight and obese compared to those in public schools. The high prevalence of body weight disorders found among the children has implications for their growth and development, thus intervention strategies are needed.
Body composition analysis of pupils in urban schools in central Uganda
(International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2013-07) Constance, A. N. Nsibambi
A pre experimental research was conducted to analyse the body composition of 1929 pupils aged 6 to 9 years in central Uganda. Anthropometric measures (height and weight) were taken and Body Mass Index (BMI) was computed. Pupils were classified into respective weight categories using WHO (2007) CDC –BMI for sex–age growth charts. The results showed that out of the 901 boys 92% had normal weight, 5% were underweight, 2 % were overweight and 1% was obese. Of the 1028 girls, 78.5% had normal weight, 3.1% were underweight, 11.6% were overweight and 6.8% were obese. The results also revealed significant gender difference with boys having lower mean BMI scores than girls (using p ≤ 0.05). The study concluded that underweight, overweight and obesity are prevalent of among Ugandan children and this requires putting in place strategies that promote physical activity and appropriate nutritional habits in schools and communities.

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