The role of religious actors in peace building among the conflict affected communities of Karamoja subregion : a case of Ngoleriet sub-county, Napak district, Uganda

Abstract

This study examined the role of religious actors in peacebuilding within the conflict-affected communities of Ngoleriet Sub-County, Napak District. Specific objectives were to: to establish the forms of conflicts and their underlying factors, assess the methods of engagement employed by religious actors in peacebuilding efforts, and analyze the outcomes of peacebuilding interventions implemented by religious actors. Data was collected through the study employed in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informant interviews, engaging a total of 29 participants. Among them were religious actors (primary participants), with six representatives each from Protestant, Catholic, Islamic, and Pentecostal faiths. Additionally, five key informants participated, including the Sub-County Chief, LC I Chairperson, LC II Chairperson, Resident District Commissioner, and Government Intelligence Security Officer. To ensure a broader community perspective, four FGDs were conducted—two with elderly individuals and two with youths. Findings reveal a combination of conflicts and various triggers in Ngoleriet subcounty, including resource-based conflicts, land tenure disputes, ethnic tensions, political factionalism, and cattle rustling. Historical grievances lead to recurring communal conflicts over resources such as grazing land and water points. Land tenure conflicts arose from unclear ownership and tenure systems, exacerbated by population growth and differing land use practices between settled agriculturalists and nomadic pastoralists. Others were ethnic tensions, fueled by socio-economic inequalities and historical injustices, and political factions exploiting ethnic divisions. Cattle rustling remains a persistent issue, leading to violent clashes and retaliation cycles. These conflicts were triggered by historical, socio-economic, and political factors, compounded by environmental stresses. Religious actors played a key role in peacebuilding through dialogue, mediation, community projects, education, advocacy, psycho-social support, etc. Their efforts have resulted in significant outcomes, including reduced conflict intensity and increased community cooperation, though continuous engagement and support are necessary to sustain these gains. In conclusion, religious actors are indispensable in peacebuilding efforts, leveraging their moral authority and community networks to foster reconciliation and social cohesion. Recommendations for enhancing peacebuilding include ongoing training for religious leaders, collaboration between religious and local leaders, engagement of youth and women, and the design of programs focused on economic development and conflict management by NGOs. Future research should investigate the long-term impacts of these interventions on conflict reduction and community resilience.