School of Vocational Studies

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Browsing School of Vocational Studies by Subject "Diet"

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    Factors associated with nutritional status of women 18-59 years in Mukono municipality, Uganda
    (Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2019-11) Athieno, Justine
    Recent findings indicate an increase in obesity and persistent underweight among women in Uganda. Obesity, overweight and underweight have been associated with diet and physical activity. It is however not clear which socio demographic, physical activity and dietary factors are most important influencers of nutritional status among urban women in Uganda. Identifying these will go a long way in determining appropriate intervention strategies for the control of obesity and the associated complications in Uganda. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity and how they are associated with socio demographic, dietary and physical activity factors among women 18-59 years in Mukono Municipality. Participants were randomly selected. A semi structured socio demographic questionnaire, semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20, frequencies and percentages used to ascertain the prevalence and multinomial logistic regression models used to predict factors at 95% confidence interval. The study revealed that prevalence of BMI-defined overweight was 29.7%, obesity 20.7% and underweight 2.9%. Older women were less likely to have healthy WHR (AOR 0.2; 95% CI: 0.04-0.90; P<0.05), those with moderate monthly expenditure were less likely to be obese (AOR 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1-0.9; P<0.05). Frequent consumption of foods from: meat and eggs group increased the likelihood of having excessive abdominal fat (AOR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.02-2.8; P<0.05), (AOR 1.2; 95% CI: 1.0-1.5; P<0.05) respectively, nuts and seeds increased the likelihood of being overweight (AOR 1.2; 95% CI: 1.0-1.5; P<0.03), plantains decreased the likelihood of healthy waist circumference (WC) (AOR 0.8; 95% CI: 0.7-0.9; P<0.01), poultry decreased the likelihood of moderately unhealthy WC (AOR 0.7; 95% CI: 95% CI:1.0-1.4; P<0.05). There was low (31%) attainment of minimum dietary diversity for women. Non-participation in active transport related physical activity (PA) increased the likelihood of being over fat (AOR=1.8 95% CI: 1.5–3.0; P<0.05) while more time spent in work related PA decreased the likelihood of having severely unhealthy WHR (AOR=0.9 95% CI: 0.9–2.0; P=0.01). Attainment of WHO standard of PA was at 47.1%. In conclusion, obesity and abdominal obesity were prevalent among the respondents. They are associated with age, high parity, expenditure per month, time spent in work activity and reliance on walking for transport. They are also associated with a high frequency of consumption of meat, eggs, nuts and seeds and with a low consumption of poultry and vegetables. Key words: Socio demographic, diet, physical activity, nutritional status and women.
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    A pragmatic randomized trial to examine the effect of combining healthy diet with mindfulness cognitive therapy to reduce depressive symptoms among university students in a low-resource setting: protocol for the NutriMind Project
    (BMC Psychiatry, 2024-09-11) Kardel, Kristin Reimers; Iversen, Per Ole; Kaaya, Archileo Natigo; Muhoozi, Grace; Veierød, Marit B.; Wangen, Knut Reidar; Børøsund, Elin; Atukunda, Prudence Friberg
    Background Mental health disorders still rank as leading causes of morbidity worldwide despite increasing awareness and improvements in treatment. Notably, low- and middle-income countries like Uganda, are disproportionately affected by such disorders. The burden of depressive symptoms in these countries is particularly high among students, aggravated by poverty, malnutrition, and inadequate public health governance, yet it is clearly under-researched, making it hard to achieve several of UN Sustainability Development Goals. Current treatment options are insufficient to tackle the increased burden of depressive disease. This is more challenging for low-resource regions especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, suggesting the need for alternative treatments that can swiftly be applied if proven effective. The main aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is therefore to examine if a low-cost healthy diet (based on local Ugandan foods) combined with easy-to access mindfulness cognitive therapy can reduce depressive symptoms among university students in Uganda. Methods We will recruit female and male students at Makerere University, the largest public university in Uganda, to an open, intention-to-treat, two-armed RCT. Those who score above a predefined threshold on a self-reported assessment of depressive symptoms, measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies – Depression score (CES-D), are eligible for study inclusion and will be randomized to either an intervention (n = 125) or a control (n = 125) group. The intervention group will receive educational group-based sessions on how to prepare a Mediterranean-type of healthy diet and how to adhere to the principles of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Outcome measures include self-reported depression symptoms, quality of life, and dietary intakes. In addition we will perform a cost-effectiveness analysis. The RCT intervention will last 9 months, followed by additional 15 months with regular data collections. Discussion We here describe a novel approach to treat depressive symptoms among university students living in resource constraint settings, by combining a healthy diet with low threshold psychotherapy. If this intervention succeeds, our project can be viewed as a step towards evidence-based behavior practices for young adults with a common mental disorder (depression) that are beneficial to public mental health initiatives and management. Trial registration The RCT is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT05848973). The date of registration was August 14, 2023. Keywords Depression, Diet, Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), Mental health, Randomized trial, Uganda, University students