Browsing by Author "Twinomuhwezi, Hannington"

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    Fatty acid composition and cholesterol distribution in edible tissues of long-horned Ankole cattle
    (Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2025-12-02) Wanyama, Joseph; Kwetegyeka, Justus; Twinomuhwezi, Hannington; Omara, Timothy; Kiganda, Ivan
    Ankole cattle is a vital genetic resource and an economic asset in East and Central Africa, usually reared for their beef and milk. For the first time, the total lipid content, fatty acid composition and cholesterol concentration in beef of Ugandan long-horned Ankole cattle were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. Significant variations in the total lipid content, fatty acid composition and cholesterol concentration were observed among the different samples, with the liver and kidneys possessing the highest values (P < 0.05). The fatty acid composition followed the order: monounsaturated fatty acids> saturated fatty acids > polysaturated fatty acids. Nutritional indices indicated that the kidney, liver, and heart had better fatty acid compositions. In contrast, the rib, large intestine, and chuck had higher atherogenic and thrombogenic indices, which may be associated with increased risks of cardiovascular diseases when consumed.
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    Mycotoxins’ toxicological mechanisms involving humans, livestock and their associated health concerns: a review
    (Toxins : MDPI, 2022-02-24) Awuchi, Chinaza Godseill; Ondari, Erick Nyakundi; Nwozo, Sarah; Odongo, Grace Akinyi; Eseoghene, Ifie Josiah; Twinomuhwezi, Hannington; Ogbonna, Chukwuka U.; Upadhyay, Anjani K.; Adeleye, Ademiku O.; Okpala, Charles Odilichukwu R.
    Mycotoxins are well established toxic metabolic entities produced when fungi invade agricultural/farm produce, and this happens especially when the conditions are favourable. Exposure to mycotoxins can directly take place via the consumption of infected foods and feeds; humans can also be indirectly exposed from consuming animals fed with infected feeds. Among the hundreds of mycotoxins known to humans, around a handful have drawn the most concern because of their occurrence in food and severe effects on human health. The increasing public health importance of mycotoxins across human and livestock environments mandates the continued review of the relevant literature, especially with regard to understanding their toxicological mechanisms. In particular, our analysis of recently conducted reviews showed that the toxicological mechanisms of mycotoxins deserve additional attention to help provide enhanced understanding regarding this subject matter. For this reason, this current work reviewed the mycotoxins’ toxicological mechanisms involving humans, livestock, and their associated health concerns. In particular, we have deepened our understanding about how the mycotoxins’ toxicological mechanisms impact on the human cellular genome. Along with the significance of mycotoxin toxicities and their toxicological mechanisms, there are associated health concerns arising from exposures to these toxins, including DNA damage, kidney damage, DNA/RNA mutations, growth impairment in children, gene modifications, and immune impairment. More needs to be done to enhance the understanding regards the mechanisms underscoring the environmental implications of mycotoxins, which can be actualized via risk assessment studies into the conditions/factors facilitating mycotoxins’ toxicities.