Browsing by Author "Probst, Michel"

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Adherence to physical activity recommendations and physical and mental health risk in people with severe mental illness in Uganda
(Elsevier: Psychiatry Research, 2018-02) Vancampfort, Davy; Probst, Michel; Basangwa, David; De Hert, Marc; Myin-Germeys, Inez; Winkel, Ruudvan; Ward, Philip B.; Rosenbaum, Simon; Mugisha, James
This study investigated cardio-metabolic risk factors among patients with severe mental illness who do or do not meet the recommendations of 150 min per week of physical activity. A secondary aim was to assess whether those that do meet the recommendations report lower levels of mental health symptoms. 107 (60♀) Ugandan in- and outpatients (mean age=34.4 ± 9.7 years) with severe mental illness (depression=7, bipolar disorder=55, schizophrenia=45) completed the Physical Activity Vital Sign (PAVS) method and Brief Symptoms Inventory −18. Participants were also screened for abdominal obesity (waist circumference>90 cm), overweight (body mass index≥25) and hypertension (systolic pressure≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure≥90 mmHg).48.6% (n = 52) of patients met the physical activity recommendations as assessed by the PAVS method. 41.1% (n = 44) were overweight, 40.2% (n = 43) had abdominal obesity and 23.4% (n = 25) had hypertension. Those who did not meet the physical activity recommendations were significantly older, had a higher BSI-18 somatisation score, and had a higher risk of overweight [relative risk (RR) = 2.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.59–4.99], abdominal obesity (RR = 1.82, 95%CI = 1.13–2.93), and hypertension (RR = 2.16, 95%CI = 0.99–4.73). The PAVS is a feasible method of assessing physical activity among patients with severe mental illness in a low resource setting. The PAVS may have clinical utility for physical and mental health risk stratification.
Barriers, attitudes, confidence, and knowledge of nurses regarding metabolic health screening and intervention in people with mental illness: a pilot study from Uganda
(AJOL: African Health Sciences., 2019-11-06) Vancampfort, Davy; Watkins, Andrew; Ward, Philip B; Probst, Michel; De Hert, Marc; Van Damme, Tine; Mugisha, James
People with mental illness are at an increased risk for developing cardio-metabolic disorders. Routine screening following pharmacotherapy is however unacceptably low in sub-Saharan African countries with less than 1% adequately screened. It is unknown whether this is due to a lack of adequate competences. Objectives: The aim of this pilot study was to assess the barriers, attitudes, confidence, and knowledge of nurses regarding metabolic health, prevention and treatment in Uganda. Methods: Twenty-eight nurses (39% female, 30.9±6.9 years) completed the Metabolic – Barriers, Confidence, Attitudes and Knowledge Questionnaire and the physical activity prescription rate item of the Exercise in Mental Illness Questionnaire. Results: More than 75% had a positive attitude towards metabolic screening and intervention and more than 50% were confident in providing smoking cessation advice, and physical activity and nutritional counseling. However, 57% stated that their heavy workload prevented them from doing health screening and promotion activities. There was a negative correlation (ρ=-0.54, P=0.003) between the frequency of physical activity prescription and the perception of the inability of patients to change. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that nurses are generally supportive of metabolic health screening and intervention but their high workload prevents them from implementing metabolic health interventions.
Cardiorespiratory fitness levels and moderators in people with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(Elsevier: Preventive Medicine, 2016-12) Vancampfort, Davy; Mugisha, James; Rosenbaum, Simon; Firth, Joseph; De Hert, Marc; Probst, Michel; Stubbs, Brendon
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. CRF levels and moderators among people living with HIV (PLWH) are unknown. The aim of the current meta-analysis was to (1) determine mean CRF in PLWH and compare levels with age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs), (2) explore moderators of CRF, (3) and (4) explore moderators of CRF outcomes following physical activity (PA) interventions. Major electronic databases were searched systematically for articles reporting CRF expressed as maximum or peak oxygen uptake (ml/min/kg) in PLWH. A random effects meta-analysis calculating the pooled mean CRF including subgroup- and meta-regression analyses was undertaken. Across 21 eligible studies, the CRF level was 26.4 ml/kg/min (95% CI = 24.6 to 28.1) (n = 1010; mean age = 41 years). There were insufficient data to compare CRF levels with HCs. A higher body mass index (β = − 0.99, 95% CI = − 1.93 to − 0.06, P = 0.04), older age (β = − 0.31, 95% CI = − 0.58 to − 0.04, P = 0.02) and the presence of lipodystrophy (β = − 4.63, 95% CI = − 7.88 to − 1.39, P = 0.005) were significant moderators of lower CRF levels. Higher CD4 + counts (β = 0.004, 95% CI = 0.0007 to 0.007, P = 0.016), supervised interventions (P < 0.001) and interventions with a lower frequency of weekly sessions (2 or 3 versus 4 times) (P < 0.001) predicted a better CRF-outcome following PA. CRF levels of PLWH are among the lowest in comparison to other vulnerable populations. More research on the most optimal physical activity intervention characteristics is needed.
Correlates of physical activity among community-dwelling individuals aged 65 years or older with anxiety in six low- and middle-income countries
(Cambridge University Press: International Psychogeriatrics, 2017-11-08) Vancampfort, Davy; Stubbs, Brendon; Hallgren, Mats; Veronese, Nicola; Mugisha, James; Probst, Michel; Koyanagi, Ai
Given the important health benefits of physical activity (PA) and the higher risk for physical inactivity in people with anxiety, and the high prevalence of anxiety and low PA among the elderly, there is a need for research to investigate what factors influence PA participation among anxious older individuals. We investigated PA correlates among community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 65 years with anxiety symptoms in six low- and middle-income countries. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health were analyzed. PA level was assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. 980 participants with anxiety (mean age 73.3 years; 62.4% females) were grouped into those who do and do not (low PA) meet the 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA per week recommendation. Associations between PA and the correlates were examined using multivariable logistic regressions. Results: The prevalence of low PA was 44.9% (95% CI = 39.2–50.7%). Older age, male gender, less consumption of alcohol, mild cognitive impairment, pain, a wide range of somatic co-morbidities, slow gait, weak grip strength, poor self-rated health, and lower levels of social cohesion were identified as significant positive correlates of low PA. Conclusions: Our data illustrate that a number of sociodemographic and health factors are associated with PA levels among older people with symptoms of anxiety. The promotion of social cohesion may increase the efficacy of public health initiatives, while from a clinical perspective, somatic co-morbidities, cognitive impairment, pain, muscle strength, and slow gait need to be considered.
Exercise self-efficacy correlates in people with psychosis
(Elsevier: Psychiatry Research, 2018-04) Vancampfort, Davy; Gorczynski, Paul; De Hert, Marc; Probst, Michel; Naisiga, Annetie; Basangwa, David; Mugisha, James
Despite the recognition of the importance of exercise self-efficacy in exercise adoption and maintenance, previous investigations on exercise self-efficacy in people with psychosis is scarce. The present study aimed to (1) explore if exercise self-efficacy differed between stages of behavior change in Ugandan outpatients with psychosis, and (2) assess sociodemographic, clinical and motivational correlates of exercise self-efficacy. In total, 48 patients (24 women) completed the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES), the Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise questionnaire, the Brief Symptoms Inventory-18 (BSI-18), and questions pertaining to intrinsic motivation in the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2. Additionally, participants were asked about their exercise behavior in the past 7 days and screened for cardio-metabolic risk factors. Higher ESES-scores were observed in those in the maintenance (n = 17) versus those in the pre-action stage (n = 17) of behavior change. Higher ESES-scores were also significantly associated with lower BSI-18 somatization and higher intrinsic motivation scores. Our data indicated that health care professionals should assist patients with psychosis in interpreting physiological states during exercise. Future research should explore whether bolstering such sources of information might directly or indirectly effect exercise self-efficacy.
Interest, competence, appearance, fitness and social relatedness as motives for physical activity in Ugandan outpatients with psychosis
(Elsevier: Mental Health and Physical Activity, 2017-10) Vancampfort, Davy; De Hert, Marc; Probst, Michel; Firth, Joseph; Myin-Germeys, Inez; Winkel, Ruudvan; Naisiga, Annetie; Basangwa, David; Mugisha, James
Motivating people with psychosis to meet recommended physical activity levels is a public health priority. It remains unclear whether physical activity motives differ between male and female patients, those with and without cardio-metabolic risks, those who exercise alone versus in group and in aerobic exercise versus resistance training. The aim of this study was to explore differences in PA motives related to several patient characteristics in Ugandan outpatients with psychosis. Methods 48 patients (24♀; 33.3 ± 9.6 years) completed the Motives for Physical Activity Measure – Revised (MPAM-R), Patient-centred Assessment and Counselling for Exercise questionnaire, the Brief Symptoms Inventory - 18 (BSI -18), were asked for their physical activity participation in the last 7 days and screened for abdominal obesity, overweight, hypertension, smoking, medication use and the presence of chronic conditions. Results A multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated main effects for stages of physical activity behavior change (Wilks λ = 0.40, F = 2.98, P = 0.043) and gender (Wilks λ = 0.45, F = 3.45, P = 0.031). There were no interaction effects between stage of change and gender (Wilks λ = 0.35, F = 1.89, P = 0.089). Men scored higher on appearance (P = 0.046) and interest/enjoyment (P = 0.042). Higher (P < 0.05) MPAM-R were observed in action and maintenance behaviour stages versus pre-action stages but there were no differences between the action and maintenance stage. There were no significant correlates between MPAM-R and BSI-18 scores. Conclusions Extrinsic (fitness, appearance, social benefits) and intrinsic (interest, competence) motives are equally important in adopting and maintaining physical activity in people with psychosis. Socio-cultural role patterns should be considered, also in Western settings (e.g., in refugees).
Motives for physical activity in the adoption and maintenance of physical activity in men with alcohol use disorders
(Elsevier: Psychiatry Research, 2018-03) Vancampfort, Davy; Van Damme, Tine; Probst, Michel; Vandael, Hannelore; Hallgren, Mats; Mutamba, Byamah Brian; Nabanoba, Justine; Basangwa, David; Mugisha, James
Within the self-determination theory and the trans-theoretical model (stages of change) frameworks, we investigated motives for physical activity adoption and maintenance in men with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Fifty Ugandan patients completed the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-3 (BREQ-3) to assess exercise motives, the Patient-centred Assessment and Counselling for Exercise (PACE) to determine stage of change and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. The relationship between motives for physical activity and stage of change was investigated using ANOVA with post-hoc Scheffe tests. Multivariate analyses found significantly higher levels of introjected, identified and integrated motivation in the action and maintenance stage versus the pre-action stage. There were no differences in intrinsic motivation between the stages of change. Our results suggest that in order to adopt and maintain an active lifestyle the most important source of motivation comes from the benefits that may be obtained rather than from the inherent pleasure or challenge associated with it. The study provides a platform for future research to investigate the importance of autonomous motivation within physical activity interventions for people with AUD.
Physical activity and suicidal ideation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(Elsevier: Journal of Affective Disorders, 2018-01-01) Vancampfort, Davy; Hallgren, Mats; Firth, Joseph; Rosenbaum, Simon; Schuch, Felipe B.; Mugisha, James; Probst, Michel; Van Damme, Tine; Carvalho, André F.; Stubbs, Brendon
A potential approach to suicide prevention that has not been closely examined, but which holds promise in terms of widespread dissemination without major side-effects, is physical activity (PA). This systematic review and meta-analysis set out to: (a) explore associations between PA and suicidal ideation (SI) levels, and (b) investigate the effect of PA interventions on SI. Methods Major electronic databases were searched from inception up to 05/2017 to identify quantitative studies reporting an association between PA and SI. A quantitative correlates synthesis and random effects meta-analysis were conducted. Results Fourteen of 21 studies in adults (67%) (n = 130,737), 7/14 (50%) in adolescents (n = 539,170) and 2/3 (67%) in older adults (n = 50,745) found a significant negative association between PA- and SI-levels. Pooled adjusted meta-analysis of 14 effect sizes over eight studies and 80,856 people found that those who were “active” versus those who were “inactive” were less likely to have SI (OR = 0.87, 95%CI = 0.76–0.98). Additionally, meeting PA guidelines conferred a significant protective effect against SI (OR = 0.91, 95%CI = 0.51–0.99, P = 0.03; N studies = 3, n people = 122,395), while not meeting guidelines was associated with increased SI (OR = 1.16, 95%CI = 1.09–1.24, P < 0.001; N = 4, n = 78,860). Data from the intervention studies (N = 3, n = 121) was mixed and limited. Limitations Our findings are based mainly on cross-sectional studies, while the majority of studies did not include a rigorous physical activity assessment. Conclusions The current study suggests that higher PA levels are associated with lower SI. However, the associations observed need to be confirmed in prospective observational studies and controlled trials.
Physical activity correlates in people living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review of 45 studies
(Taylor&Francis: Disability and Rehabilitation, 2017-03-22) Vancampfort, Davy; Mugisha, James; Richards, Justin; De Hert, Marc; Probst, Michel; Stubbs, Brendon
Understanding barriers and facilitators of physical activity participation in persons living with HIV/AIDS is an essential first step in order to devise effective interventions. The present review provides a systematic quantitative review of the physical activity correlates in people with HIV/AIDS. Methods: Major electronic databases were searched till August 2016. Keywords included “physical activity” or “exercise” or “sports” and “AIDS” or “HIV”. Results: Out of 55 correlates from 45 studies (N = 13,167; mean age range = 30.5–58.3 years; 63.2% male) five consistent (i.e., reported in four or more studies) correlates were identified. Lower levels of physical activity were consistently associated with older age (6/10 studies), a lower educational level (6/7), a lower number of CD4 cells/μl (7/11), exposure to antiviral therapy (4/6), and the presence of lipodystrophy (4/4). Other important barriers were the presence of bodily pain (2/2), depression (3/3), and opportunistic infections (3/4). Facilitators were a higher cardiorespiratory fitness level (3/3), a higher self-efficacy (2/2), more perceived benefits (2/2), and a better health motivation (3/3). Conclusions: The current review has elucidated that participation in physical activity by people with HIV/AIDS is associated with a range of complex factors which should be considered in rehabilitation programs.
Physical activity is associated with the physical, psychological, social and environmental quality of life in people with mental health problems in a low resource setting
(Elsevier: Psychiatry Research, 2017-12) Vancampfort, Davy; Van Damme, Tine; Probst, Michel; Firth, Joseph; Stubbs, Brendon; Basangwa, David; Mugisha, James
There is a growing recognition of the importance of encouraging patients with mental health problems to become more active as an efficacious strategy to reduce the disability-associated burden. The aim of the current study was to investigate if there are differences in quality of life (QoL) outcomes between people with mental health problems that do and do not meet the recommendations of 150 min per week of physical activity. 109 (36♀) Ugandan in- and outpatients (mean age = 34.2 ± 10.2 years) (depression = 7, bipolar disorder = 31, schizophrenia = 21, alcohol use disorder = 50) completed the Physical Activity Vital Sign (PAVS) method and World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment brief version. Those who did not achieve the minimum physical activity recommendations as assessed by the PAVS (n = 63) had a lower physical, psychological, social and environmental QoL. The current data offer further evidence that the PAVS method might be an important risk identification tool in people with mental health problems. The feasibility and acceptability of the PAVS may help promote the importance of physical activity assessment and prescription as a core part of the treatment of mental health problems in LMICs.
Physical activity participation is associated with higher quality of life scores in men with alcohol use disorders: a study from Uganda
(African Health Sciences., 2020-10-07) Vancampfort, Davy; Hallgren, Mats; Mutamba, Byamah Brian; Van Damme, Tine; Probst, Michel; van Winkel, Ruud; Myin-Germeys, Inez; De Hert, Marc; Mugisha, James
There is a growing recognition of the importance of encouraging people with alcohol use disorders (AUD) to become more active as an achievable strategy to reduce the disability-associated burden. Objective: We investigated whether physical activity and sedentary behaviour in men with AUD contribute to their quality of life (QoL). Methods: Fifty male Ugandan inpatients with AUD (33.0±10.7 years) completed the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment brief version, Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test while waist circumference, body mass index and blood pressure were assessed. Linear multiple regression analysis explored the total variance in QoL explained by all predictor variables. Results: SIMPAQ walking and SIMPAQ exercise explained 46% of the variability in physical QoL, 45% of the variability in psychological QoL, and 40% of the variability in environmental QoL. The SIMPAQ walking score predicted 37% of the variability in social QoL. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that higher levels of walking and exercising are associated with a better QoL. Our study therefore provides a platform for future research to investigate the role of physical activity on QoL levels in people with AUD, also in low resourced settings in low-income countries such as Uganda.
Physiotherapy for people with mental health problems in Sub-Saharan African countries: a systematic review
(2018-01-27) Vancampfort, Davy; Stubbs, Brendon; Probst, Michel; Mugisha, James
There is a need for psychosocial interventions to address the escalating mental health burden in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Physiotherapists could have a central role in reducing the burden and facilitating recovery within the multidisciplinary care of people with mental health problems. The aim of this systematic review was to explore the role of physiotherapists within the current mental health policies of SSA countries and to explore the current research evidence for physiotherapy to improve functional outcomes in people with mental health problems in SSA. Methods: The Mental Health Atlas and MiNDbank of the World Health Organization were screened for the role of physiotherapy in mental health plans. Next, we systematically searched PubMed from inception until August 1st, 2017 for relevant studies on physiotherapy interventions in people with mental health problems in SSA. The following search strategy was used: “physiotherapy” OR “physical therapy” OR “rehabilitation” AND “mental” OR “depression” OR “psychosis” OR “schizophrenia” OR “bipolar” AND the name of the country. Results: The current systematic review shows that in 22 screened plans only 2 made reference to the importance of considering physiotherapy within the multidisciplinary treatment. The current evidence (N studies = 3; n participants = 94) shows that aerobic exercise might reduce depression and improve psychological quality of life, self-esteem, body image and emotional stress in people with HIV having mental health problems. In people with depression moderate to high but not light intensity aerobic exercise results in significantly less depressive symptoms (N = 1, n = 30). Finally, there is evidence for reduction in post-traumatic stress symptoms (avoidance and arousal), anxiety and depression following body awareness related exercises (N = 1, n = 26). Conclusions: Our review demonstrated that physiotherapy is still largely neglected in the mental health care systems of SSA. This is probably due to poor knowledge of the benefits of physiotherapy within mental health care by policymakers, training institutes, and other mental health care professionals in SSA. Based on the current scientific evidence, this paper recommends the adoption of physiotherapy within mental health care services and investment in research and in training of professionals in SSA.
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 in people with alcohol use disorders: a systematic review and large scale meta-analysis
(Elsevier: Psychiatry Research, 2016-12-30) Vancampfort, Davy; Mugisha, James; Hallgren, Mats; De Hert, Marc; Probst, Michel; Monsieur, Dirk; Stubbs, Brendon
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is highly predictive of cardiovascular diseases and is associated with worse quality of life and increased healthcare utilisation. The current meta-analysis aimed to (i) describe the pooled prevalence of T2DM in people with alcohol use disorders (AUDs), (ii) investigate the impact of demographic, clinical and treatment factors, and (iii) compare T2DM prevalences in AUDs versus the general population. The trim and fill adjusted pooled T2DM prevalence among 3998 people with AUDs (age range 34.8-51.1 years; 76.6% male) (N studies=7) was 12.4% (95%CI=11.8–13.9%). Higher T2DM prevalences were observed in studies with a higher mean age and a higher percentage of male participants, and in studies with self- or physician reported T2DM assessment. A trend for higher T2DM prevalences was found in inpatient settings, in studies assessing T2DM with the gold-standard oral glucose tolerance test compared with fasting glucose only, and with studies including patients with a higher percentage of physical co-morbidity. Although healthy control data are lacking, the pooled prevalence is similar to that observed in people with severe mental illness who are considered a high-risk group. Routine screening and multidisciplinary management of T2DM in people with AUDs is needed.
Sedentary behavior and physical activity levels in people with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a global systematic review and meta-analysis
(World Psychiatry:Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association(WPA)., 2017-10) Vancampfort, Davy; Firth, Joseph; Schuch, Felipe B.; Rosenbaum, Simon; Mugisha, James; Hallgren, Mats; Probst, Michel; Ward, Philip B.; Gaughran, Fiona; De Hert, Marc; Carvalho, André F.; Stubbs, Brendon
People with severe mental illness (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder) die up to 15 years prematurely due to chronic somatic comorbidities. Sedentary behavior and low physical activity are independent yet modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and premature mortality in these people. A comprehensive meta-analysis exploring these risk factors is lacking in this vulnerable population. We conducted a meta-analysis investigating sedentary behavior and physical activity levels and their correlates in people with severe mental illness. Major electronic databases were searched from inception up to April 2017 for articles measuring sedentary behavior and/or physical activity with a self-report questionnaire or an objective measure (e.g., accelerometer). Random effects meta-analyses and meta-regression analyses were conducted. Sixty-nine studies were included (N=35,682; 39.5% male; mean age 43.0 years). People with severe mental illness spent on average 476.0 min per day (95% CI: 407.3-545.4) being sedentary during waking hours, and were significantly more sedentary than age- and gender-matched healthy controls (p=0.003). Their mean amount of moderate or vigorous physical activity was 38.4 min per day (95% CI: 32.0-44.8), being significantly lower than that of healthy controls (p=0.002 for moderate activity, p<0.001 for vigorous activity). People with severe mental illness were significantly less likely than matched healthy controls to meet physical activity guidelines (odds ratio = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1-2.0, p<0.001, I2=95.8). Lower physical activity levels and non-compliance with physical activity guidelines were associated with male gender, being single, unemployment, fewer years of education, higher body mass index, longer illness duration, antidepressant and antipsychotic medication use, lower cardiorespiratory fitness and a diagnosis of schizophrenia. People with bipolar disorder were the most physically active, yet spent most time being sedentary. Geographical differences were detected, and inpatients were more active than outpatients and those living in the community. Given the established health benefits of physical activity and its low levels in people with severe mental illness, future interventions specifically targeting the prevention of physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are warranted in this population.
Sedentary behavior and quality of life in people with psychotic disorders from a low income country: a study from Uganda
(Springer Link: Community Mental Health Journal, 2019) Vancampfort, Davy; Probst, Michel; Rosenbaum, Simon; Ward, Philip B.; Van Damme, Tine; Mugisha, James
The current study examined the impact of sedentary behaviour (SB) on quality of life (QoL) in people with psychotic disorders. Thirty-six Ugandan women (mean age = 33.9 ± 8.0 years) and 23 men (37.4 ± 11.8 years) with a DSM 5 diagnosis of psychosis completed the World Health Organization Quality of Life—Brief version and Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire (SIMPAQ). Medication use, physical co-morbidities, weight, height, blood pressure and smoking habits were recorded. Multiple regression analyses were undertaken. Variability in SIMPAQ sedentary and walking scores explained 56% of the variability in psychological QoL, while variability in SIMPAQ walking explained 46% of the variability in physical QoL. Health care professionals should not only consider increasing physical activity but also reducing SB to improve QoL in their patients.
Sedentary behavior in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 2016) Vancampfort, Davy; Mugisha, James; De Hert, Marc; Probst, Michel; Stubbs, Brendon
Sedentary behavior is independently associated with an increased risk of poor mental health, developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature mortality. Despite the knowledge that CVD is one of the leading causes of non-AIDS related premature mortality in people living with HIV (PLWH), relatively little attention has been attributed to sedentary behavior in this population. The aims of this meta-analysis were to (a) establish the pooled mean time spent sedentary, (b) investigate predictors of sedentary levels, and (c) explore differences with age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Methods: Two independent authors searched major databases until August 2016. A random effects meta-analysis was performed. Results: Across 6 unique cross-sectional studies, including 9 sedentary levels, there were 523 (292 men) PLWH (age range = 37 to 58 years). PLWH spent 533 min/day (95% CI = 466 to 599) engaging in sedentary behavior. There was a trend (P = .07) for higher levels of sedentary behavior in self-report measures (551 min, 95% CI = 543 to 560, N = 4) than in objective sedentary behavior time (505 min, 95% CI = 498 to 512, N = 3). The time PLWH spend engaging in sedentary behavior is among the highest levels reported in the literature. Conclusions: Given that sedentary behavior is an independent predictor of CVD, future lifestyle interventions specifically targeting the prevention of sedentary behavior in PLWH are warranted.