Browsing by Author "Okimait, David"

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Most significant changes from women’s economic empowerment and pathways from Ugandan women in the agro-value chain
(Discover Global Society, 2025-11-07) Kwiringira, Japheth Nkiriyehe; Amuge, Grace Esther; Okimait, David; Perry, Elizabeth W.; Nakalyowa, Luggya Deborah; Isabirye, Alone; Otim, Jude; Ganafa, Sumani; Rujumba, Joseph; Zakumumpa, Henry; Mugisha, James
Traditional evaluation models often rely on predefined indicators set by program designers, limiting the ability to capture emerging and lived outcomes. This study examines the impact of Women’s Economic Empowerment from beneficiaries’ perspectives using the Most Significant Change approach. A qualitative exploratory study was conducted in Kampala and Wakiso, Uganda, utilizing focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and in-depth interviews among adult women who had waned off WEE support, supplemented by a literature review. Thematic analysis identified (5) significant domains of change at the waning of women’s economic empowerment support, including increased responsibility, community respect, improved mental health, stronger family relations, and enhanced confidence and agency. Challenges such as polygamous relationships, competitive dynamics, and the effects of COVID-19 hindered women’s empowerment outcomes. Pathways to significant change were: goal setting, peer and family support, resilience, and self-recognition of progress. Findings suggest that women’s empowerment should not focus solely on economic empowerment but must also address social and political dimensions of power, participation and inclusion. Women valued respect over power. Sustainable empowerment requires the active inclusion of men to mitigate adversarial gender dynamics. These findings reflect the need for inclusive development approaches to attain lasting societal progress.
Multilevel determinants of HIV Prevention among urban refugee youth in Uganda: baseline findings from the tushirikiane-4-uthabiti trial
(Springer Nature, 2026-01-05) Okumu, Moses; Logie, Carmen H.; Admassu, Zerihun; Mackenzie, Frannie; Tailor, Lauren S.; Hakiza, Robert; Katisi, Brenda; Musoke, Daniel Kibuuka; Nakitende, Aidah; Nafula, Catherine N.; Komakech, Morris D.C.; Okimait, David; Bukuluki, Paul; Kyambadde, Peter; Mbuagbaw, Lawrence; Windsor, Lilian C.
While urban refugee youth face HIV vulnerabilities spanning socio-ecological levels, knowledge gaps persist in HIV prevention outcomes. We conducted a baseline analysis of a cohort enrolled in Tushirikiane-4-Uthabiti, an intervention focused on HIV testing practices among urban refugee youth aged 16–24 in Kampala, Uganda (N = 330). Using regression models, we examined the societal, community, and interpersonal factors associated with condom use self-efficacy [CUSE], consistent condom use, HIV self-testing [HIVST] kit access, and recent HIV testing. Most participants were women (53.3%), with a mean age of 21.3 years (SD = 2.9). One-fifth reported consistent condom use (19.1%), over half accessed HIVST kits (56.4%), and recent HIV testing (50.6%). Statistically significant results showed that higher education (β = 0.18, p < 0.001) and financial resilience (β = 0.18, p < 0.001) were positively associated with CUSE, whereas food insecurity (β = − 0.21, p < 0.05) was negatively associated with CUSE. Being in a casual relationship (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.33, p < 0.05) and CUSE (aOR 1.12, p < 0.010) were associated with increased odds of consistent condom use. Higher education (aOR 2.45, p < 0.001), adolescent sexual and reproductive health stigma (aOR 1.16, p < 0.010), and perceived HIV stigma (aOR 1.05, p < 0.05) were associated with increased odds of recent HIVST kit access. Financial resilience (aOR 1.05, p < 0.010) and young parenthood (aOR = 2.32, p < 0.010) were associated with increased odds of recent last year HIV testing. The findings demonstrate suboptimal HIV prevention outcomes and highlight the need for tailored multilevel interventions to improve the sexual health of urban refugee youth.
Urban child poverty in Kampala city, insights from children’s drawings
(Discover Global Society, 2025-08-08) Kwiringira, Japheth Nkiriyehe; Okimait, David; Perry, Elizabeth W.; Akugizibwe, Mathias; Otim, Jude; Bhangyi, Venesio Bwambale; Balyejjusa, Moses Senkosi; Mugisha, James; Isabirye, Alone; Rujumba, Joseph
In many urban areas, rapid urbanization, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, has overwhelmed technical and administrative capacity to provide adequate services. This has led to various challenges of urban sustainability, including urban child poverty, known to worsen the cognitive and emotional well-being of such children. We aimed to gain an understanding of and provide evidence on urban child poverty in Uganda through children’s diagrammatic representations of the drivers, effects, and needed interventions. We used children’s drawings, in-depth interpretations of these drawings, and observations. Using a two-stage sampling strategy, data were collected from four poor slum zones within Kampala city. Through purposive sampling, 26 deprived slum dwelling children aged between 7 and 15 years, who were willing to take part in the study, were asked to share their stories regarding their experiences of urban poverty using drawings, and generating narratives about them. Data analysis was done using a participatory design of the code-book, drawing visualization, and analysis. Some verbatim statements were also picked directly from raw data and used to strengthen this analysis and reporting. Children were well conversant with the problem of urban child poverty based on its causes, manifestations, and effects. Children expressed that urban child poverty was linked to domestic violence, lack of parental care, chronic sickness, orphanhood, and the absence of child support services in the community. Effects of urban poverty included the inability to use medical facilities, lack of access to information, ill health, coping with street life through violence, poor shelter, overcrowding, lack of social capital, and being excluded from basic decision-making processes at all levels. There is also a need to build on the available child rights initiatives in urban areas and elsewhere as a means to reduce these urban distortions. Continuous investment in research to present the different experiences of urban vulnerable groups should also be done to underpin evidence-based urban programming.