Browsing by Author "Belaadi, Ahmed"

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A sustainable bioadsorbent approach for tetracycline adsorption from aqueous solutions using calcined chicken bone waste: Optimization via response surface methodology
(Results in Engineering, 2026-01-17) Ziani, Salima; AitAli, Salima; Brahmi, Aghilas; Lakehal, Yanis Zakaria; Zaabar, Aida; Meski, Samira; Boudrahem, Farouk; Khireddine, Hafit; Ghernaout, Djamel; Mukalaz,Herbert; Belaadi, Ahmed
Pharmaceutical pollutants, particularly tetracycline (TC), are of growing concern due to their persistence in the environment and toxicity, which pose significant risks to both aquatic ecosystems and human health. This novel study investigates the potential of chicken bone waste (CBW) as a bioadsorbent for TC removal from aqueous solutions, presenting a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to traditional methods. CBW was dried at 100 °C and subsequently calcined at 500 °C and 900 °C to enhance its surface properties, porosity, and crystallinity. Characterization techniques, including thermogravimetry (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-ransform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and BET/BJH analysis, revealed notable enhancements in the surface area, porosity, and crystallinity of CBW. Specifically, calcination increased the specific surface area from 16.47 ² to 32.90 ² Optimization of the adsorption process was achieved using a Central Composite Design (CCD) based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions for TC removal were pH 6.34, TC concentration of 73.76 mg/L, CBW-900 dosage of 2.65 g/L, and temperature of 45 °C, resulting in a 94 % removal efficiency. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics indicated a complex physisorption mechanism, best described by the modified Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-first-order kinetics. DFT, BET/BJH, and FTIR analyses further suggested that TC interacts with the CBW-900 surface via donor-acceptor mechanisms, hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and pore filling. CBW-900 exhibited excellent recyclability, maintaining over 70% removal efficiency after ten adsorption-desorption cycles. These findings highlight CBW as an
Forecasting the thermal degradation depending on the kinetics of dracaena Draco lignocellulosic fibers using an artificial neural network
(Journal of Natural Fibers;Taylor &Francis, 2025-07-17) Hadou, Abdelwaheb; Belaadi, Ahmed; Ghernaout, Djamel; Mukalazi, Herbert
In order to forecast the thermal degradation of Dracaena draco plant fibers (DDFs) using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at heating rates ranging from 5 to 30°C/min, this study employed artificial neural networks (ANNs). Hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin break-down were represented by the three different degradation stages that were seen. The enhanced ANN27 model successfully captured pyrolysis behavior and degradation patterns, achieving a high prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.99966). The model performed well at lower heating rates (5 and 10°C/min), but because of bias and heteroscedasticity, adjustments are required at higher rates (15–30°C/min). In contrast to the experimental averages of 131.244 kJ/mol, 109.269 kJ/mol, and 131.694 kJ/mol, respectively, kinetic analysis showed that the ANN27-predicted activation energies (Ea) were 133.420 kJ/mol (KAS), 53.692 kJ/mol (FWO), and 133.784 kJ/mol (STR). Without requiring a lot of testing, our ANN method provides insights into DDF thermal behavior and optimizes processing settings by properly forecasting degradation curves
Quality evaluation and predictive analysis of drilled holes in jute/ palm/polyester hybrid bio-composites using CMM and ANN techniques
(Journal of Natural Fibers, 2025-04-26) Amroune, Salah; Elhadi, Abdelmalek; Slamani, Mohamed; Arslane, Mustapha; Belaadi, Ahmed; Abdullah, Mahmood M. S.; Al-Lohedan, Hamad A.; Bidi, Tarek; Mukalazi, Herbert; Al-Khawlani, Amar
In this study, the evaluation of 75 holes drilled in a hybrid bio-composite jute/palm/polyester plate and controlled by a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is essential to ensure the quality, dimensional precision, and geometric conformity of the plate. This rigorous process is necessary to meet industrial standards for circularity and cylindricity, which are essential criteria for high-performance applications. Additionally, the integration of artificial neural network (ANN) techniques has revolutionized this approach by enabling precise predictions of key parameters such as delamination, circularity, and cylindricity. In this study, the ANN was trained with 52 samples (70%), while 8 samples (10%) were used for validation and 15 others (20%) for testing at different stages. The results show the influence of feed rate on the delamination factor (Fd) (R2 = 0.98), circularity error (R2 = 0.99), and cylindricity error (R2 = 0.98). This predictive approach significantly improves the reliability and efficiency of the evaluation process.
Sustainable renewable biofuel production toward pyrolysis of fibers biowaste Agave Americana L. and thermodynamics mechanisms kinetic parameters triplet assessment
(Journal of Natural Fibres, 2025-07-26) Lalaymiaa, Imen; Belaadi, Ahmed; Alshahranib, Hassan; Ghernaoutc, Djamel; Mukalazie, Herbert
derived from the flower stalk of Agave americana waste (FSSAW), aiming to assess their suitability for bioenergy applications. Non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted at heating rates of 30, 40, and 50 °C/min. Kinetic modeling using the Coats – Redfern method evaluated 36 solid-state reaction models to determine the activation energy-Ea and pre-exponential factor (lnA). The highest Ea was observed for Model M22, increasing from 218.87 kJ/mol at 30 °C/min to 252.73 kJ/mol at 50 °C/min, while the lowest Ea, 4.22 kJ/mol, was recorded for Model M19. These results indicate the presence of both complex and simple reaction mechanisms, with a general increase in Ea at higher heating rates, consistent with the kinetic compensation effect. Thermodynamic analysis revealed a maximum enthalpy change (ΔH) of 249.65 kJ/mol, a maximum Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) of 390.81 kJ/mol, and a minimum entropy change (ΔS) of −0.31 kJ/mol·K, confirming that the pyrolysis process is endothermic and non-spontaneous, leading to a more ordered transition state. Criado’s master plot technique further validated Model M16 (random nucleation and growth) as the most representative mechanism during early decomposition stages. However, deviations at higher conversions suggest the occurrence of multi-step processes, including diffusion and char formation.
Unraveling the Pyrolysis mechanisms of Syagrus palm waste fibers through Gaussian deconvolution and kinetic modeling
(Journal of Natural Fibers, 2025-09-22) Ferfari, Oussama; Belaadi, Ahmed; Alshahranib, Hassan; Ghernaout, Djamel; Mukalazi, Herbert
The thermal decomposition kinetics and thermodynamics of Syagrus romanzoffiana waste rachis fibers (SrWRFs) were investigated through thermogravimetric analysis in a nitrogen atmosphere at heating rates (β) of 30, 40, and 50°C/min. The Coats–Redfern method was employed to determine kinetic parameters, including activation energy (Ea), pre-exponential factor (A), and reaction mechanisms. In contrast, thermodynamic properties such as enthalpy change (ΔH), Gibbs free energy (ΔG), and entropy change (ΔS) have been derived to evaluate the energy requirements and spontaneity of the pyrolysis process. A three-parallel Gaussian reaction model was employed to deconvolute the degradation profiles of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, revealing distinct temperature intervals for each component: hemicellulose (200–345°C), cellulose (305–398°C), and lignin (220–650°C), with high fitting accuracy (R2 ≥ 0.99537). The kinetic analysis identified sigmoidal rate (SR) models (SR6, SR7, and SR8) as the most suitable, yielding Ea values ranging from 97.31 to 262.11 kJ/mol, which increased with higher heating rates. Thermodynamic results indicate that SrWRF pyrolysis is endothermic (ΔH > 0) and nonspontaneous (ΔG > 0), with negative entropy changes (ΔS) suggesting an increase in molecular order among the degradation products. The kinetic compensation effect was confirmed, demonstrating a linear relationship between lnA and Eₐ.