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Aerobic-exercise training effects on immunological markers in individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Uganda
(Nurtekin ERKMEN, 2024) Mwebaze, N.,; Nsibambi, C. A. N.,; Ojuka, E.,; Maghanga, M.,
There is critical relevance in understanding the multidisciplinary management of HIV/AIDs among individuals obtaining health services in Uganda. The purpose of the study was therefore to assess the effects of aerobic exercise training on immunological markers as a clinical outcome of Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive clients attending a chronic HIV clinic at a General Military HospitalBombo. A pre-post experimental design was used to understand differences between the
experimental and control groups. Participants were Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive clients who had been on treatment that is, Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy for at least 12 months. They were randomly assigned to either a control group (Group 1): who did not participate in the aerobic exercise, or an experimental group (Group 2): where a 12-week moderate intensity aerobic exercise, for not less than 3 times a week, and for at least 45 minutes per session was administered. Both groups were assessed using a physical activity readiness questionnaire. Thereafter, assessment of the clinical outcomes that is, immunological measures using Clusters of differentiation 4 were assessed. While the experimental group participated in the exercise, the control group members were followed up during the 12 weeks to ensure that they remained in the study. After the 12 weeks post-test was done. The findings of this study revealed that aerobic exercises significantly increased Clusters of differentiation 4 count in both males and females by 29.7% on average (p<0.001). Aerobic exercise is therefore likely to increase quality of life, reduce mobility and mortality rates in Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive clients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Adoption of computerized accounting systems and performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the plastics manufacturing sector in Uganda
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2014) Mutumba, Hassan Kayongo
The study sought to establish the relationship between adoption of CAS and performance of SMEs in the plastics manufacturing sector in Wakiso district and Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA). The study was guided by four specific objectives which included; To evaluate the relationship between attitudes towards adoption of CAS and performance of SMEs in plastics manufacturing sector, to examine the relationship between knowledge and skills of CAS and performance of SMEs in the plastics manufacturing, to establish the relationship between management support towards adoption of CAS and performance of SMEs in the plastics manufacturing sector in and to assess performance parameters attributed to adoption of CAS among SMEs in the plastics manufacturing sector.
A cross-sectional survey design which was analytical and descriptive in nature was used to study the relationship between CAS adoption and performance of SMEs in the plastics manufacturing sector. The study utilized a cross-sectional survey design because it is flexible in both quantitative and qualitative data collection and also enabled the study to be carried out at a particular time. Quantitative data analysis was used to describe the statistics of the scores using indices that described the current situation and investigated the associations between the study variables using information gained from the questionnaires.
It was established that there was a significant positive relationship between attitudes, knowledge and skills; and management support towards adoption of CAS and performance of SMEs in the plastics manufacturing sector in Wakiso district and KCCA This means that with relevant knowledge and skills possessed by both the employees and the owners or managers of the organization, the adoption of CAS enhances performance while management support in terms of ensuring that equipment is acquired, training of staff is continuously undertaken and software is routinely acquired and updated have also influenced the performance of SMEs and indicates that adoption of CAS greatly influences the performance of SMEs.
The study recommends that improved collaboration and knowledge sharing is imperative and should be encouraged among stakeholders in the SMEs in order to open up more opportunities d lower costs, save time, reduce the intensity of capital demanded in the adoption of CAS among SMESs. It is also recommended that the model is used to study performance of SMEs in other sectors of the economy.
Twelve Weeks Aerobic Exercise Improves Anxiety and Depression in HIV Positive Clients on Art in Uganda
(İbrahim ERDEMİR, 2024) Mwebaze, N.,; Nsibambi, C.A.N.; Ojuka, E.,; Maghanga, M.
Aim: The study aimed at bridging the gap by assessing the impact of a 12-week aerobic exercise program on anxiety and depression for HIV-positive clients.
Methods: The study, conducted at the General Military Hospital in Uganda, employed a quasi-experimental design. Quantitative data was collected using questionnaires and a sample of 135 people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy engaged in the study. Quantitative data was analyzed using t-tests, revealing significant reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms among participants.
Results: The findings demonstrated a 58.5% reduction in depression symptoms and a 72% decrease in anxiety symptoms among participants engaged in aerobic exercises. Both groups exhibited improvements, with the experimental group showing greater reductions. The results further revealed that depression and anxiety are two to four times more common in individuals living with HIV than in those without the virus, and depression is also more common in those on HAART than in those without the virus.
Conclusion: The results support the potential of aerobic exercise as a valuable adjunct therapy for people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. Well-structured and supervised aerobic exercise was found to be essential for improving the clinical outcomes of PLHIV on ART.
Implications of aerobic exercise on clinical outcomes of HIV positive clients in Uganda: a case of general military hospital-Bombo
(Kyambogo University [unpublished work], 2024-10) Mwebaze, Nicholas
Aerobic exercise may be a helpful treatment for a variety of ART side effects and symptoms, according to studies from both healthy individuals and those with various chronic illnesses. The use of aerobic exercise to address the symptoms, and undesirable side effects that lower the quality of life for people with chronic HIV infection is currently being investigated. This study's primary goal was to determine how aerobic exercise affected the clinical outcomes of HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Uganda. It further aimed at evaluating the effect of a 12 weeks aerobic exercise on immunological measures, functional work capacity and psychological markers of HIV positive clients on ART in Uganda. The study, conducted at the General Military Hospital in Uganda, employed a quasi-experimental design. Quantitative data was collected using questionnaires and a sample of 135 people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy engaged in the study. Quantitative data was analyzed using t-tests, revealing significant reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms among participants. The participants were divided into two groups at random: Group 1, which received a moderately intense aerobic exercise program for twelve weeks, and Group 2, which received no treatment. Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) was used to screen both groups. Clinical outcomes, like: immunological measurements, were then evaluated using Clusters of Differentiation 4 (CD4), Functional work capacity using Rate of Perceived Extortion (RPE)/ Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) and psychological markers using a questionnaire. The aerobic exercise intervention was administered to the experimental group for twelve weeks. Members of the control group were called weekly to make a follow up on them during the 12 weeks and ensure that they did not feel left out of the survey. Following the completion of the 12-week post-test, the results showed that: (i) aerobic exercises significantly increased the CD4 count in experimental group with an average mean of 29.7% and a p=0.001; (ii) It had a statistically significant effect the functional work capacity of HIV positive clients on ART with p<0.001 which was less than initial p= 0.05, a decreased heart rate, significantly improved VO2 max from 25.13 ml/kg/min to 34.19 ml/kg/min and (iii) it also had significant effect on psychological markers indicating a decrease in paranoid ideation, depression, neuroticism, anxiety, and phobia in HIV positive clients on ART with p-value<0.001. Therefore, well-structured supervised 12 weeks moderate intensity aerobic exercises at a tempo of 120-150 beats per minute improved CD4 cell in the body of HIV positive clients on ART. It also improved the clinical outcomes of people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. It is recommended that aerobic exercise be used as an additional therapy in the care and treatment of HIV positive clients on ART in Uganda by adding it in the HIV care and treatment guidelines. There is also need to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on other clinical outcome like viral load, body composition and adherence to drugs.
Uncovering adaptive mechanisms to water deficit in low soil phosphorus tolerant common bean genotypes
(Food Agricultural Sciences and Technology (FAST), 2025-05-12) Namugwanya, Margaret; Taulya, Godfrey; Basamba, Twaha Ali; Tenwya, John Stephen
Water-Deficit and low soil phosphorus (P) are major constraints for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Tolerant varieties offer cost-effective alternatives to irrigation and fertilizers. This study examines how low soil P-tolerant common bean genotypes adapt to Water-Deficit through leaf morphology, physiology, and root development in greenhouse and field conditions. AFR703-1, AFR708, and K131 were arranged in a completely randomized design under Well-Watered and Water-Deficit conditions, with P applied at 0, 6, and 16 mg P kg⁻¹ soil. In the field, identical genotypes were arranged in a randomized complete block design with P applied at 0, 12, and 32 kg P ha⁻¹ under Well-Watered and Water-Deficit Environments. AFR708 showed a significant (P < 0.001) reduction in RWC (26%) under Water-Deficit without P mitigated by higher P levels, while AFR703-1 and K131 showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) under similar conditions. AFR703-1 and K131 exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) lower specific leaf area in Water-Deficit than Well-Watered conditions, contrasting with AFR708. Similarly, LMR in the studied genotypes decreased (P < 0.001) and with rising P under Water-Deficit, with diverse trends in Well-Watered conditions. AFR703-1 and K131 recorded higher NAR in Water-Deficit than Well-Watered conditions, contrary to AFR708. AFR genotypes decreased significantly (P < 0.001) showed enhanced root development in Water- Deficit, including increased adventitious, tap, and lateral roots, higher total biomass, and finer root length compared to Well-Watered conditions, despite lower grain yields, notably in Nakasongola site. Overall, AFR703-1 holds promise as a breeding parent for enhancing Water-Deficit resilience and P tolerance in common bean production, despite yield reduction under stress conditions.