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Pre-primary educational policy and quality of early childhood education in Ngara district, Kagera region-Tanzania
(Kyambogo University (Unpublised work), 2017-12) Thobias, Geofrey
The study sought to examine the effect of pre-primary educational policy on the quality of early childhood education in Ngara district, Kagera Region-Tanzania. The study was guided by the following specific objectives to: determine role of the Government Support towards the quality of early childhood education, assess the relationship between Infrastructure being used and the Quality of early childhood education and establish the role of Instructional materials in enhancing the quality early childhood education in Ngara District, Kagera Region-Tanzania.
The study adopted a cross-sectional design involving both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used for the mutual validation of the data. The study sample size of 104 respondents comprising of DEO, inspectors of schools, head teachers, teachers and students was selected using simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview.
The findings revealed that, the implementation of the ECE policy is practically enforced through government providing funding, supplying curriculum, syllabus, as well as enhancing capacity building for pre-primary teachers. Further still, the findings also revealed that there were almost no Games materials and coloured pictures that could be used to entice pre-primary learning in Ngara district, furniture was insufficient could not accommodate the children well. The role of Instructional materials in enhancing early childhood education in Ngara District was low.
Lack of government funding, quality assurance mechanisms, teacher professional development, classroom block constructions, community involvement, material availability and syllabus availability were inadequate and still calls for government intervention. Infrastructure at Ngara pre-primary schools, some of them well designed and others were in process of being designed so as to suit the young, to provide bouncy and eager pre-schoolers, keeping in mind their inquisitive and explorative nature. There is need to institutionalise maximum co-operation between the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MoEVT), and other stakeholders to work out a long-term goal to have quality infrastructure and resources for quality pre-primary education.
Digital teaching and learners' participation in lower primary school classes in Bidibidi refugee settlement, Yumbe district
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-11-30) Oluga, Joshua
When teachers apply digital teaching devices, methods, and applications in the teaching and learning process, children develop socially, emotionally, physically, and cognitively through learner participation. This is because digital teaching improves learners' attendance, enrolment, performance, and completion rate. This study, therefore, was undertaken to examine "the application of digital teaching and learner participation in lower primary school classes in Bidibidi refugee settlement, Yumbe District". The study's objectives were to; describe the digital devices that improve learner participation in lower primary school classes, determine how digital teaching applications enhance learner participation, and establish the relationship between the digital teaching methods and learner participation. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted for this study. A total number of 133 participants were computed using the standard sample formula. Sampling techniques were applied to select the participants through random and non-random, and these were purposive, simple random, and stratified. The participants included; 91 lower-class learners, 30 lower-class teachers, 10 head teachers from the selected schools of study, and 2 key informants from the Office of the Prime Minister in Bidibidi (OPM). Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the head teachers and key informants, questionnaire surveys with teachers, and observation with learners. Data was analyzed and processed using content, inferential, and regression analysis with figures, tables, and SPSS version 16.0 statistical measures used to interpret and present meaningful information. Results presented revealed that digital devices positively predicted learners' participation at (Beta = .280, p = .019), digital application, which was the highest positive predictor of learner participation at (Beta =0.575, p=O. 009), and digital methods at (Beta =0.138, p=0.027). This implied that a unit increase in digital devices, applications, and methods led to; a .280, 0.575, and 0.138 increase in learners' participation and vice versa. The findings from the study suggested that; teachers and learners in Bidibidi primary schools have a positive perception of the applicability of digital teaching approaches in teaching and learning in lower primary school classes. The national education stakeholders and education agencies may need to invest more in the already existing digital teaching facilities and digital skilling of teachers for 21st century teaching pedagogies for quality education posterities.
Effect of prolonged cooking on pro-vitamin A levels of biofortified East African highland bananas
(Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain, 2025-07-09) Buah, Stephen; Kiwummulo, Janefer; Paul, Jean-Yves; Walugembe, Joel; Wegesa, Jackline; Tumuhimbise, Robooni; Tushemereirwe, Wilberforce
Genetically modified East African highland bananas (EAHBs) with elevated levels of pro-vitamin A (pVA) have been developed to address vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in Uganda. The green, mature fruits of EAHBs are traditionally prepared into “matooke,” a soft, savory dish made by peeling, steaming, and mashing the fruit. Biofortifying such a culturally embedded food offers an effective approach to improving nutrition, particularly among vulnerable populations. Field trials of pVA-biofortified EAHBs have been conducted at four locations across Uganda, with data collection nearing completion. However, the effect of prolonged cooking, a common traditional preparation method, on pVA carotenoid retention had not been evaluated. This study investigated the retention of β-carotene equivalents (β-CE) during extended cooking in two elite events, each of hybrid M9 and Nakitembe. After 1 h of cooking, β-CE concentrations declined significantly in both wild-type and biofortified lines. Further cooking, up to 8 h, did not result in additional significant losses. By the eighth hour, β-CE levels remained above the target threshold of 20 µg/g dry weight (DW) in one M9 event (21.7 µg/g DW) and both Nakitembe events (28.7 and 27.6 µg/g DW), compared to 12.8 and 17.6 µg/g DW in their respective wild-type controls. This confirms that the biofortified bananas can deliver meaningful nutritional benefits under customary preparation methods. These results are not only pivotal for selecting final lead and backup events but also provide compelling evidence of trait stability, further supporting the case for deployment of biofortified EAHBs to improve public health outcomes in East Africa.
The influence of a twelve weeks aerobic exercise regimen on neuroticism in HIV positive clients in Uganda
(International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 2025-06-28) Mwebaze, Nicholas; Nsibambi, Constance A.N.; Ojuka, Edward; Maghanga, Mshilla
Highly active antiretrovirals have led to a considerable drop in HIV-related morbidity and mortality and a large increase in the life expectancy of HIV positive individuals in Uganda. The likelihood of clinicians coming across people exhibiting neuroticism symptoms associated with the illness has been reported to be on the increase. As much as exercising has been established to have positive effects is alleviating such symptoms, it is noted that, 52% of the population do not follow an exercise regimen and the problem has persisted.
This study assessed the influence of aerobic exercise on neuroticism symptoms in HIV positive clients attending an ART clinic in Uganda. A quasi-experimental research design with 67 volunteers in each of the pre- and post-test control groups. The results reveal that at the pre-test stage, all the experimental group participants reported experiencing some form of neuroticism. However, after the aerobic exercises, 80.8% of the experimental study participants reported having been relieved of neuroticism symptoms. In this instance, the experimental group’s p-value was smaller than the alpha level (.05) since the test took a 95% threshold for significance. These results imply that aerobic exercises have a significant effect on reducing neuroticism in HIV positive clients on ART.
Aerobic exercise protocol for people living with HIV : a logic model approach
(Turkish Journal of Kinesiology, 2025-06-30) Mwebaze, Nicholas; Nsibambi, Constance A. N.; Ojara, Ricky Richard; Chebet, Milton; Rukanga, Julius Ceasor; Opio, Paul; Nabaggala, Elyvania; Lumbuye, Linika; Nahwera, Loyce
There are many challenges that people living with HIV (PLHIV) often face including psychological health challenges such as muscle loss, fatigue, and mental health disorders. Regular physical activity, particularly aerobic exercise, has been shown to improve cardiovascular health, muscle strength, and mental well-being. However, there are not many clear exercise guides with evidence for practitioners and PLHIV to use as a reference while engaging in physical activities. Therefore, a structured and supervised exercise programs were designed tailored to the specific needs of PLHIV was tested and found effective. The study utilized a logic model to design, implement, and evaluate a supervised aerobic exercise program aimed at improving clinical outcomes among PLHIV. The logic model served as a framework to align inputs, activities, and expected outcomes, ensuring a systematic and evidence-based approach. A detailed exercise protocol for 6 days a week was designed for clients to engage in at least 3 days with not less than 2 days of rest in a week. A total of 135 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned 67 to experimental and 67 control group. The experimental group engaged in a five-phase aerobic exercise regimen, including warm-up, endurance training, cool-down, recovery, and flexibility exercises, performed three times per week with music set at 120–150 BPM to guide intensity. The control group was followed-up with weekly phone calls to ensure they don’t feel left out of the study. Clinical outcomes, including immunological markers (CD4 cell count), functional work capacity, and psychological well-being, were assessed before and after the intervention. Results indicated significant improvements with a p-value of < 0.01 in: aerobic capacity, muscle strength, mental health, and immune function among participants in the exercise group compared to controls. These findings suggest that this aerobic exercise protocol is a safe and effective complementary intervention for improving the quality of health in PLHIV. Incorporating supervised exercise programs using this protocol into routine HIV care could enhance long-term health outcomes and overall well-being in this population. This exercise protocol is therefore recommended for use in people living with HIV.