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Optimization of fermentation conditions of naturally processed Arabica coffee (Coffea Arabica) in Uganda
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-09) Khassim, Zulfat
Coffee is very popular due to the unique sensory characteristics of its brew. This research aimed to determine the best fermentation method and duration for Arabica coffee with respect to its volatile, physicochemical, and sensory components. Gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry (GCMS) was used to examine volatile chemicals that had been extracted using solid-phase micro extraction (SPME). Descriptive sensory evaluation with 8 trained panelists was used to assess the cup quality. Response Surface Methodology and Principle Component Analysis were used for data analysis. Significant models were generated to describe the relationship between fermentation time, fermentation type, and the physicochemical, and sensory properties as well as volatile compounds of Arabica coffee. Both fermentation type and time had an impact on sensory qualities such as fragrance/aroma, flavor, sweetness, acidity, body, balance, aftertaste, uniformity, and cleanliness. The optimum fermentation time and fermentation type were 16.8 hours and spontaneous fermentation respectively. Principle component analysis was performed to relate sensory attributes with physicochemical properties and volatile compounds. Furaneol, coffee temperature, 3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one, and acetaldehyde were positively correlated to each other. 1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-ethanone, furan were related, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, acetic acid, brix, 2,3-pentanedione and ethyl isovalerate, 2,3-butanedione (diacetyl), 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal were positively correlated, and there was a positive correlation between 2-butanone, pH, pyrazines.
Determination of mineral nutrient composition of fish tank effluent and its effect on growth and yield of bulb onion, Allium Cepa
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-09) Katenda, Edward
Fish tank effluent has been reported as a cheap bio-fertiliser, and increases soil physico-chemical properties, hence improving soil fertility thus high production of bulb onion. A study was conducted to determine mineral nutrient composition of fish tank effluent and its effect on growth and yield of bulb onion, Allium cepa L. at Kyambogo University. The study determined the physico-chemical properties of fish tank effluent at different concentrations, effect of fish tank effluent concentration on growth and yield of bulb onion and assessed the gross margin of bulb onions grown under different concentrations of fish tank effluent. Treatments included 0, 100, 200 and 400 ml/L, and were laid out in a Completely Randomized Block Design with six replications for two trials. Data was collected; on Electro conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solutes (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), growth, yield and gross margin. Data collected was analysed by One Way ANOVA for objective one and two using Genstat statistical package (15th edition). Gross margin was computed using excel 2017 version. All results on physico- chemical properties varied significantly (P < 0.05) among fish tank effluent concentration. Highest mean EC, TDS, and TSS were recorded in 400 ml/L being 559.00 ± 0.00/L μS/cm, 368.33 ± 0.33 mg/L, and 5033.33 ± 33.33 mg/L respectively, while the same treatment had the lowest pH (6.56 ± 0.30). Highest mean N, P and K (0.43 ± 0.09, 0.06 ± 0.01 and 0.08)% were recorded from 400ml/L while the lowest (0.02 ± 0.01, 0.01 ± 0.00 and 0.01)% from 0ml/L. At the final week (12WAT), effluent concentrations did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect mean leaf area as a key growth parameter. The highest mean yield (26.84 ± 0.69 t/ha) was from plots treated with 200 ml/L and the lowest (14.49 ± 1.22t/ha) from 0 ml/L. The highest gross margin (71.76%) was from 200ml/L while the lowest (64.26%) was from 0 ml/L. In conclusion, physico-chemical properties varied among the different concentrations. Fish tank effluent concentration did not significantly affect growth parameters, significantly affected bulb onion yield, bulb height and harvest index but none significant on bulb onion diameter. Fish tank effluent at a concentration of 400 ml/L is recommended as a bio-fertilizer, for having highest amounts of physico-chemical properties. Fish tank effluent at concentration of 200 ml/L is recommended for better bulb onion growth, yield and gross margin in bulb onion production. Further studies on comparison of tank fish effluent and other different types of aquaculture systems should be under taken in bulb onion production.
Credit management practices and loan performance in commercial banks in Uganda : a case of Post bank Uganda
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-10) Kayima, Boaz
This study examined the effect of credit management practices on loan performance of commercial banks a case of Post Bank Uganda. The study was anchored on three objectives which included; examining the effect of loan appraisal process on loan performance, the effect loan collection procedure on loan performance and the effect of credit risk control procedure on loan performance. The study considered a cross-sectional survey research design considering both quantitative and qualitative research approach. The study targeted 140 participants but 134 participants where 130 used questionnaires and 04 used interview managed to respond hence showing the response rate of 95.7%. The study findings revealed that there was a weak but positive and significant relationship between loan appraisal processes and loan performance at (r = .227**, p<.01) and Loan Application Appraisal was a positive significant predictor of loan performance by 4.4% (0.044, p<.05) with B-value (.231**). There was a positive and significant relationship between loan collection procedure and loan performance at (r =.377**, p<0.01) and Loan Collection Procedure positively and significantly predicted the loan performance by 13.5% (0.135, p<.05) with B-value (.282**). There was a positive and significant relationship between credit risk control policy and loan performance at (r = .419**, p<.01) and Credit Risk Control Procedure, it was the highest significant predictor of loan performance of 16.7% (0.167, p<.05) with B-value (.392**). Furthermore, credit management practices with its constructs (loan appraisal process, loan collection procedure and credit risk control procedure) combined influenced the loan performance at Post Bank Uganda by 28.5% (0.285, p<.05) with B-value (.307*). Based on the study’s findings, it is recommended that financial institutions and regulatory bodies consider implementing robust measures that necessitate the submission and evaluation of business plans as a prerequisite for loan approval, it is imperative that the bank institutes more robust and clearly defined repayment conditions for borrowers who default, including stricter penalties and timelines for resolution. Additionally, establishing a regular schedule of loan recovery meetings with clients is essential for fostering effective communication and cooperation and financial institutions implement policies allowing for reasonable extension periods in cases of genuine client hardship, thus providing borrowers with a lifeline to recover from temporary financial setbacks
Kyabazingaship succession conflicts in busoga, 1906 – 2014
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-10) Lubaale, Jamadah
This research focused on the succession conflicts that plagued Obwakyabazinga bwa Busoga (hereafter referred to as the Kyabazingaship of Busoga) from 1906 to 2014. Despite the existence of various cultural institutions in Uganda, such as Obwakabaka bwa Buganda (Kingdom of
Buganda), Obukama bwa Toro (Kingdom of Toro), Obukama bwa Bunyoro (Kingdom of Bunyoro), and Obusinga bwa Rwenzururu (Kingdom of Rwenzururu), none has experienced the enduring and relentless succession conflicts like those of the Kyabazingaship in Busoga. Employing a historical research design and a qualitative approach, with three data collection methods—documentary, archival, and oral research—this study examined the origins, underlying factors contributing to these conflicts and their effects on the Basoga (the people of Busoga), the institution itself, and the broader Busoga region. The study argues that the succession conflicts in Busoga’s Kyabazingaship originated from the British colonial era and their deliberate efforts to “Gandanise” (to make it similar to Buganda) and reshape the political structure of Busoga. As a result, conflicting roles emerged for chiefs and the central government, establishing a precedent that continued until 2014. The study found that these conflicts are not merely a repetition of history but stem from the failure of dominant royal lineages (Gabula and Zibondo), the Basoga (the people of Busoga), the central government, and political elites in the Busoga sub-region to address the inherent challenges of succession in Busoga. In conclusion, the study sheds light on how the British protectorate government strategically engineered the establishment of the Kyabazingaship to serve their imperialist interests—a trend replicated by ambitious Basoga and subsequent independent Ugandan governments. This compromised the institution’s authenticity and legitimacy, transforming it into a political battleground that overshadowed its intended cultural significance.
Classroom management, constructivist teaching and pupils’ engagement in remedial classes in government aided primary schools in Njeru municipality, Uganda
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-09) Nantale, Faridah Kasirivu
This study examined the influence of classroom management on pupils’ engagement in remedial classes moderated by constructivist teaching in primary schools in Njeru Municipality, Uganda. Specifically, the study sought to establish the influence of classroom management, constructivist teaching on pupils’ engagement and the moderating effect of constructivist teaching on the influence of classroom management on pupils’ engagement in remedial classes. Guided by the quantitative approach, the study applied a correlational research design, collected data using a questionnaire and carried out Descriptive and inferential analyses on a sample of 216 pupils. Results showed that pupils rated teachers’ classroom management, use of constructivist teaching and their own engagement to be high. Inferential analysis indicated that classroom management and constructivist teaching had a positive significant influence on pupils’ engagement in remedial classes. However, classroom management partially moderated the influence of classroom management on pupils’ engagement in remedial classes in primary schools. Hence combining effective classroom management and constructivist teaching is imperative for pupil engagement in remedial classes. It was recommended that teachers should always ensure that effective classroom management go hand in hand with constructivist teaching to promote pupil engagement in remedial classes.