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Effect of prolonged cooking on pro-vitamin A levels of biofortified East African highland bananas
(Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain, 2025-07-09) Buah, Stephen; Kiwummulo, Janefer; Paul, Jean-Yves; Walugembe, Joel; Wegesa, Jackline; Tumuhimbise, Robooni; Tushemereirwe, Wilberforce
Genetically modified East African highland bananas (EAHBs) with elevated levels of pro-vitamin A (pVA) have been developed to address vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in Uganda. The green, mature fruits of EAHBs are traditionally prepared into “matooke,” a soft, savory dish made by peeling, steaming, and mashing the fruit. Biofortifying such a culturally embedded food offers an effective approach to improving nutrition, particularly among vulnerable populations. Field trials of pVA-biofortified EAHBs have been conducted at four locations across Uganda, with data collection nearing completion. However, the effect of prolonged cooking, a common traditional preparation method, on pVA carotenoid retention had not been evaluated. This study investigated the retention of β-carotene equivalents (β-CE) during extended cooking in two elite events, each of hybrid M9 and Nakitembe. After 1 h of cooking, β-CE concentrations declined significantly in both wild-type and biofortified lines. Further cooking, up to 8 h, did not result in additional significant losses. By the eighth hour, β-CE levels remained above the target threshold of 20 µg/g dry weight (DW) in one M9 event (21.7 µg/g DW) and both Nakitembe events (28.7 and 27.6 µg/g DW), compared to 12.8 and 17.6 µg/g DW in their respective wild-type controls. This confirms that the biofortified bananas can deliver meaningful nutritional benefits under customary preparation methods. These results are not only pivotal for selecting final lead and backup events but also provide compelling evidence of trait stability, further supporting the case for deployment of biofortified EAHBs to improve public health outcomes in East Africa.
The influence of a twelve weeks aerobic exercise regimen on neuroticism in HIV positive clients in Uganda
(International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 2025-06-28) Mwebaze, Nicholas; Nsibambi, Constance A.N.; Ojuka, Edward; Maghanga, Mshilla
Highly active antiretrovirals have led to a considerable drop in HIV-related morbidity and mortality and a large increase in the life expectancy of HIV positive individuals in Uganda. The likelihood of clinicians coming across people exhibiting neuroticism symptoms associated with the illness has been reported to be on the increase. As much as exercising has been established to have positive effects is alleviating such symptoms, it is noted that, 52% of the population do not follow an exercise regimen and the problem has persisted.
This study assessed the influence of aerobic exercise on neuroticism symptoms in HIV positive clients attending an ART clinic in Uganda. A quasi-experimental research design with 67 volunteers in each of the pre- and post-test control groups. The results reveal that at the pre-test stage, all the experimental group participants reported experiencing some form of neuroticism. However, after the aerobic exercises, 80.8% of the experimental study participants reported having been relieved of neuroticism symptoms. In this instance, the experimental group’s p-value was smaller than the alpha level (.05) since the test took a 95% threshold for significance. These results imply that aerobic exercises have a significant effect on reducing neuroticism in HIV positive clients on ART.
Aerobic exercise protocol for people living with HIV : A logic model approach
(Turkish Journal of Kinesiology, 2025-06-30) Mwebaze, Nicholas; Nsibambi, Constance A. N.; Ojara, Ricky Richard; Chebet, Milton; Rukanga, Julius Ceasor; Opio, Paul; Nabaggala, Elyvania; Lumbuye, Linika; Nahwera, Loyce
There are many challenges that people living with HIV (PLHIV) often face including psychological health challenges such as muscle loss, fatigue, and mental health disorders. Regular physical activity, particularly aerobic exercise, has been shown to improve cardiovascular health, muscle strength, and mental well-being. However, there are not many clear exercise guides with evidence for practitioners and PLHIV to use as a reference while engaging in physical activities. Therefore, a structured and supervised exercise programs were designed tailored to the specific needs of PLHIV was tested and found effective. The study utilized a logic model to design, implement, and evaluate a supervised aerobic exercise program aimed at improving clinical outcomes among PLHIV. The logic model served as a framework to align inputs, activities, and expected outcomes, ensuring a systematic and evidence-based approach. A detailed exercise protocol for 6 days a week was designed for clients to engage in at least 3 days with not less than 2 days of rest in a week. A total of 135 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned 67 to experimental and 67 control group. The experimental group engaged in a five-phase aerobic exercise regimen, including warm-up, endurance training, cool-down, recovery, and flexibility exercises, performed three times per week with music set at 120–150 BPM to guide intensity. The control group was followed-up with weekly phone calls to ensure they don’t feel left out of the study. Clinical outcomes, including immunological markers (CD4 cell count), functional work capacity, and psychological well-being, were assessed before and after the intervention. Results indicated significant improvements with a p-value of < 0.01 in: aerobic capacity, muscle strength, mental health, and immune function among participants in the exercise group compared to controls. These findings suggest that this aerobic exercise protocol is a safe and effective complementary intervention for improving the quality of health in PLHIV. Incorporating supervised exercise programs using this protocol into routine HIV care could enhance long-term health outcomes and overall well-being in this population. This exercise protocol is therefore recommended for use in people living with HIV.
Exploring the wave’s structures to the nonlinear coupled system arising in surface geometry
(Scientific Reports, 2025-04-04) Farooq, Khizar; Hussain, Ejaz; Younas, Usman; Mukalazi, Herbert; Khalaf, Tamer M.; Mutlib, Abdul; Syed, Asif Ali Shah
This manuscript deals with the Heisenberg ferromagnet-type integrable Akbota equation (AE), which refers to a set of differential equations that are integrable and linked together, and they possess solitary waves. AE is a basic gear for investigating nonlinear dynamics in the fields of optics, magnetism, and differential geometry of curves and surfaces. It is extensively used to represent optical solitons in nonlinear optical fibers, which are crucial for fiber-optic communication owing to their capacity to maintain form across considerable distances. The dynamical behavior of AE is explored by constructing accurate closed-form traveling wave solutions. For this purpose, the Kumar-Malik method, the new Kudryashov method, and the Riccati equation method are utilized. The resulting solutions consist of trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational functions. By employing these methodologies, precise analytical remedies for soliton waves are derived, which include kink, bright, and dark solitons. To get a better understanding of the physical aspects of these solutions, we depict them via several visual representations. 3D-surface graphs, 2D-line graphs, and contour and density plots, in addition to theoretical derivations.
Ethos of librarians in academic libraries in Uganda: a study of unethical practices
(University of Dar es Salaam Library Journal, 2025-06-29) Nabbosa, Mary Gorreti; Kaddu, Sarah; Ssekitto, Francis
This paper analyses the ethical practices of Ugandan academic librarians by studying student service experiences at Kyambogo University (KyU) and Uganda Christian University (UCU). Through focus group discussions conducted with twenty-three (23) Library and Information Science (LIS) students (n=14 Kyambogo; n=9 UCU) who served as participants sampled by convenience and purposive strategies, the study analysed the multifaceted aspects related to ethical conduct. The research revealed that students’ perceived expectations of research assistance, ICT, and reference services differed substantially from actual practice. Current unethical conduct includes librarian absence and book restrictions, as well as resource misuse. This ethical deficit arises from three main factors: insufficient and enforceable ethical standards at the national level, inadequate professional oversight systems, and cultural norms within UCU, which exemplify faith-based higher education that sometimes conceals underlying ethical difficulties. This research develops an Ubuntu-based ethical system to supplement the IFLA Code of Ethics tailored to the Ugandan sociocultural setting. The study promotes LIS education that focuses on ethics, along with continuous professional development initiatives, and the development of a code of conduct between libraries and the delivery of psychosocial services to librarians. The study brings sophistication to African library ethics scholarship by supplying ethical recommendations tailored for academic institutions based upon empirical findings.