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Development and characterization of products from selected varieties of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) in Uganda
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-10) Acio, Catherine
This research aimed to develop and characterize sweet potato products from selected varieties from Uganda as a potential raw resource for the food processing sector. The selected local varieties included Sukali, New Kawogo, Mubalila Bbali, Njule, Nakakande, and Kasanda and the hybrid varieties included Narospot 1, Naspot 12, Naspot 8, and Naspot 13. The sweet potato varieties (both local and hybrid) were sourced from a multiplication farmer at Bombo, Luweero district and brought to the laboratory for analysis. The varieties were characterized for their vitamin A content, total polyphenols, starch, protein, fiber, ash, carbohydrate and dry matter content. The starch extracted from the sweet potatoes was also characterized. Sweet potato products, including bread, cakes, cookies, instant porridge and meal powder were developed using Naspot 13 and Kasanda. The instant porridge and meal were made by incorporating sweet potato flour with silverfish, egg, and milk powders, followed by extrusion cooking and milling. These products were evaluated for texture, rheological properties, and other nutritional attributes. The selected local and hybrid sweet potato varieties exhibited significant variation in both skin and pulp color. The dry matter content ranged between 29.5% in Nakakande and 42.8% in New Kawogo. Beta-carotene content varied between 6.48 μg/g in Sukali and 65.56 μg/g in Njule. Polyphenol content ranged between 0.178% and 0.554%, in Naspot 8 and Kasanda respectively. pH values ranged between 6.42 and 7.60 in Kasanda and Nakakande respectively. Crude ash content varied between 0.25% and 1.67%, with Nakakande and Naspot 13 having the lowest and highest values. Crude fat content ranged between 1.67% and 5.50%, with Narospot 1 and Naspot 12 having the lowest and highest values. Crude fiber content ranged between 2.22% and 4.50%, with Mubalila Bbali and Naspot 8 having the lowest and highest values. Protein content ranged between 1.79% and 4.77%, with Mubalila Bbali and Naspot 8 having the lowest and highest values. Moisture content ranged between 57.2% and 70.5%, with New Kawogo and Nakakande having the lowest and highest values. Total carbohydrate content ranged between 21.8% and 32.2%, with Njule and New Kawogo having the lowest and highest values. Regarding the physicochemical characteristics of the extracted starch, its water holding capacity ranged between 0.81 g/g and 1.20 g/g; Peak viscosity ranged between 10834 cP and 14399 cP; trough viscosity between 1081 cP and 5353 cP; breakdown between 6671 cP and 10194 cP; final viscosity between 3101 cP and 5867 cP; setback viscosity between 152 cP and 2803 cP. Peak time varied between 3.4 seconds and 4.1 seconds, and pasting temperature ranged between 73.2°C and 78.9°C. The developed products i.e. bread at 30% sweet potato flour inclusion and cakes & cookies upto 80% sweet potato flour inclusion exhibited good sensory and consumer acceptability. While increase in amount of sweet potato flour led to firmer textures and reduced sensory acceptance, moderate inclusion (up to 10-12.5%) offered a good balance between optimizing substitution and maintaining consumer preferences. The proximate composition and texture of bread, cookies, and cakes made from sweet potato flour (Naspot 13 & Kasanda) varied according to the formulation. These products exhibited good sensory and consumer acceptability comparable to those made with 100% wheat flour. The vitamin A and beta-carotene content were notably higher in products derived from Naspot 13 (orange-fleshed variety). The formulated meal and porridge, which included silverfish, egg, and milk powders, had varying protein content averaging 15%. Sensory acceptability varied based on milk powder and silverfish content. In conclusion, the selected Ugandan sweet potato varieties (both local and hybrid) demonstrated favorable functional properties and can be effectively used to produce high-quality baked products at high levels of wheat substitution, especially in cakes and cookies.
Language expression and clergy-laity ministry conflicts in central Busoga diocese
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-10) Mulijji, Joseph
This study examined the connection between language expression and persistent conflicts between the clergy and laity in the central Busoga diocese. The specific objectives were, to investigate the indicators of clergy-laity conflicts, to examines forms of language expressions in fueling conflicts and to investigate the impact of language expression in the clergy-laity conflicts. The study took qualitative approaches. It is descriptive and analytical in nature. Data was collected through field interviews, observations and examining some written documents. Findings indicated that both the clergy and laity use language expressions to either launch offensive or defensive attacks. These language expressions further deepen the differences and create hostilities between the laity and clergy, which further affect the Christian activities in various parishes. The study further revealed that language expressions are a manifestation of attitudes, personal human differences, theological biases and sectarianism which arise from a section of people having preference for some clergy over others. The atmosphere of hostility may result into chaos and murders unless the problems are addressed or the church finds the lasting solution. Unity, which is the core value of Christians is being lost as the clergy and laity are busy exchanging hostile expressions. A culture of empathy needs to be cultivated. There is need to develop accommodative spirit by both the clergy and laity. The laity, which is largely constituted by youthful people need to be allowed to participate in various church services, as they identify with human suffering and often volunteer. Laity can lead Sunday services and take discipleship seminars. The clergy should be sensitive to the local people and should be keen to understand their audience. Sermons can be dangerous and complicate pastoral partnerships, but oral language expression by clergy can strengthen relationships. Conflict resolution between clergy and laity involves treating others as they are, fostering mutual respect, understanding, and collaboration. Scripture guides leaders, and humility, compassion, and relational wisdom promote transparency. Effective communication and involvement of laypeople foster inclusivity and democracy, resulting in a resilient religious community.
Effect of capacity building, staffing levels and technology on quality of health management information system data on maternal deliveries at Arua referral hospital, Uganda
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-09) Ahimbisibwe, Julius
This study aimed to investigate the impact of capacity building, staffing levels, and technology on the Quality of Health Management Information System (HMIS) Data concerning maternal deliveries at Arua Referral Hospital (ARRH) in Uganda. The research focused on three specific objectives: evaluating how capacity building influences the completeness of HMIS data for deliveries, assessing the effect of staffing levels on the timeliness of HMIS data related to deliveries, and examining the impact of technology on the accuracy of HMIS data concerning deliveries. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design incorporating quantitative and qualitative methodologies, the study involved a population of 120 hospital staff members (6 administrators, 6 records officers, 58 midwives, and 50 nurses). Respondents were selected through a combination of random and purposive sampling methods. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS and R software, while qualitative data utilized Nvivo V14 for thematic analysis. Findings revealed a predominantly female workforce in departments critical to maternal health, aligning with national nursing demographics. Notably, capacity building initiatives showed a strong positive correlation (r=0.6) with the completeness of HMIS data for maternal deliveries. Staffing levels also correlated positively (r=0.5) with timeliness, particularly influenced by the presence of Records Officers. Technology showed a weaker positive correlation (r=0.4) with data accuracy, access to DHIS2 and computers contributing mildly, while internet connectivity showed limited impact. Recommendations from the study emphasize clear responsibilities in data management to address issues like incorrect register filling. It advocates for inclusive training sessions involving junior staff and promotes enhanced data sharing and dissemination practices to bolster data quality assurance processes. In conclusion, this study highlights the pivotal roles of capacity building, staffing adequacy, and appropriate technology utilization in enhancing quality of HMIS data for maternal deliveries.
Assessment of electrical conductivity and germinability of groundnut genotype seeds
(Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, 2025-06-08) Akuo, Ruth; Okiria, Latif Aisu; Ssemugenze, Brian; Gumisiriya, Costa; Kabaale, Fred Peter; Ocwa, Akasairi
Seed quality affects crop establishment and productivity. In addition, the use of good-quality seed is an essential prerequisite for sustainable crop production including groundnuts. Assessing germinability and electrical conductivity provides early evidence of the production potential of a given crop variety or genotype. Therefore, this study assessed the germinability and electrical conductivity of seeds of three groundnut genotypes. A laboratory experiment arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), replicated three times, was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyambogo University, in 2020. Seeds of Igola, Serenut 1, and Serenut 2 groundnut varieties were tested, and data was collected on germination percentage and electrical conductivity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using GenStat and means were separated using the least significant difference test at a 5% probability level. Germination percentage and electrical conductivity significantly (p<0.05) differed among the groundnut varieties, with Igola recording the highest germination percentage, followed by Serenut 1, and the lowest was in Serenut 2. The highest electrical conductivity was recorded in Serenut 1 and the lowest in Igola. Since Igola had one of the lowest electrical conductivity and the highest germination percentage, it was concluded that Igola genotype retained higher quality attributes.
Management agility, complexity adaptability and business resilience among hotels in Kampala metropolitan
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-10) Nsimaruhanga, Joab
This study focused on management agility, complexity adaptability, and business resilience among hotels in Kampala Metropolitan. The study was anchored on four objectives, which included: to examine the relationship between management agility and business resilience; the relationship between management agility and complexity adaptability; the relationship between complexity adaptability and business resilience; and to assess the mediating role of complexity adaptability on the relationship between management agility and business resilience. The study utilised a cross-sectional survey research design and a quantitative research approach. A sample size of 127 hotels was considered for the study, as determined by Krejcie and Morgan (1970). 109 hotels successfully participated in the study, showing a response rate of 85.8 percent. Two respondents from each sampled hotel were selected using the purposive sampling technique, while a simple random technique was used when selecting the hotels to consider in the study. Data was collected using a closed-ended questionnaire, and it was analysed using SPSS Ver.23. The study findings revealed that management agility had a significant and positive relationship with business resilience (r =.656**, p < 0.01). Complexity adaptability was also significantly and positively related to business resilience (.665**, p < 0.01). Regression results revealed that management agility and complexity adaptability were positively and significantly related (r =.737**, p < 0.01). Linear regression results revealed that management agility influences business resilience (B =.679, p =.000 <0.05), complexity adaptability positively predicted business resilience (B =.703, p =.000 <0.05), and management agility predicted complexity adaptability (B =.781, p =.000 <0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that demographic characteristics positively predicted business resilience with 29.2 percent, while a combination of demographic characteristics, management agility, and complexity adaptability positively and significantly predicted business resilience with 64.0 percent and complexity adaptability was the main predictor of business resilience in hotels in Kampala Metropolitan. The study recommends that the Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife, and Antiquities should collaborate with stakeholders in the hospitality industry to develop training programmes aimed at enhancing the skills and capabilities of hotel staff in areas such as market trend analysis, risk management, team empowerment, and continuous learning. The Ministry of Finance should offer incentives, like tax holidays, to hotels that invest in research and development initiatives. Lastly, hotel management needs to invest in continuous learning and development programmes to empower their teams with the knowledge and skills needed to navigate complex environments effectively.