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Uncovering adaptive mechanisms to water deficit in low soil phosphorus tolerant common bean genotypes
(Food Agricultural Sciences and Technology (FAST), 2025-05-12) Namugwanya, Margaret; Taulya, Godfrey; Basamba, Twaha Ali; Tenwya, John Stephen
Water-Deficit and low soil phosphorus (P) are major constraints for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Tolerant varieties offer cost-effective alternatives to irrigation and fertilizers. This study examines how low soil P-tolerant common bean genotypes adapt to Water-Deficit through leaf morphology, physiology, and root development in greenhouse and field conditions. AFR703-1, AFR708, and K131 were arranged in a completely randomized design under Well-Watered and Water-Deficit conditions, with P applied at 0, 6, and 16 mg P kg⁻¹ soil. In the field, identical genotypes were arranged in a randomized complete block design with P applied at 0, 12, and 32 kg P ha⁻¹ under Well-Watered and Water-Deficit Environments. AFR708 showed a significant (P < 0.001) reduction in RWC (26%) under Water-Deficit without P mitigated by higher P levels, while AFR703-1 and K131 showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) under similar conditions. AFR703-1 and K131 exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) lower specific leaf area in Water-Deficit than Well-Watered conditions, contrasting with AFR708. Similarly, LMR in the studied genotypes decreased (P < 0.001) and with rising P under Water-Deficit, with diverse trends in Well-Watered conditions. AFR703-1 and K131 recorded higher NAR in Water-Deficit than Well-Watered conditions, contrary to AFR708. AFR genotypes decreased significantly (P < 0.001) showed enhanced root development in Water- Deficit, including increased adventitious, tap, and lateral roots, higher total biomass, and finer root length compared to Well-Watered conditions, despite lower grain yields, notably in Nakasongola site. Overall, AFR703-1 holds promise as a breeding parent for enhancing Water-Deficit resilience and P tolerance in common bean production, despite yield reduction under stress conditions.
Use of birds as a source of inspiration for painterly ideas articulating domestic violence in Uganda, a case study of Bushenyi district
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2011-08) Mwijuka, Julius
The purpose of this study is to explore the use of birds as a source of inspiration for painterly ideas articulating domestic violence in Uganda. The research is born out of the fact that the researcher had for a long time been observing people affected by domestic violence. He thought that the research would come in handy and help to address the problem by sensitizing people about domestic violence. Women have been physically tortured, some have been victims of acid attacks, children have been abandoned and left at the mercy of whoever may care, couples have for a long time denied each other of sex, and young girls have been forced into marriage.
Therefore, the study arose out of the researcher's experience and the urgent need to arrest such situation that threatens the continued peaceful family life. Artists have tried to articulate domestic violence, but they have been limited by their scope of selecting visual symbols that can represent situations through painting to forms they are familiar with, particularly, the human figure. This has limited their creativity in articulating domestic violence in a society that is rapidly changing and becoming more sophisticated. Artists for instance had not yet effectively demonstrated the symbolic use of birds through painting in the articulation of domestic violence. The researcher undertook a practical project which analyzed and explored the studio possibilities of using birds as sources of inspiration for painterly ideas articulating domestic violence.
Five Chapters have been presented as a supportive guide to the practical work accomplished under this project. Chapter one displays the objectives, purpose, the magnitude of the problem, and the beneficiaries of the study. Chapter two states what is already in place related to the study.
Chapter three defines the methodology and materials used in the study, whereas chapters four and five focus on the results, conclusions and recommendations.
Visual expressions of selected artifacts from Kasubi royal tombs for fabric decoration
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2017-12) Akumu, Juliet
The study was carried out under the title; "Visual expressions of selected artifacts from Kasubi royal tombs for fabric decoration". The purpose of this study was to examine selected artifacts from Kasubi royal tombs and explore studio possibilities of using the selected artifacts for production of fabric designs, for the purpose of contribution to visual documentation and preservation of Ganda cultural heritage.
The research was conducted under the following objectives; to examine the artifacts from the Kasubi royal tombs that would aid in fabric studio practice, to develop designs from the selected artifacts from Kasubi tombs for fabric decoration. To studiously produce fabric works with visual expressions from selected artifacts of Kasubi royal tombs for fabric decoration. The researcher categorized the artifacts in the following themes; architecture (Muzibu Azaala Mpaga), weaponry (shields' and spears), crafts (mats and baskets) and music instruments (royal drums and gourd rattles). These were used to generate the visual ideas in fabric decoration. The study arises from the researcher's' observation and concerns that fabric decoration as a form of visual documentation for different
Ganda cultural artifacts has not been fully exploited by fabric designers as compared to painting and sculpture forms of visual documentation. Against this the researcher took a keen interest in studying the Kasubi royal tombs and selected artifacts, to arouse their visual appreciation for fabric decoration. In the process of this study the researcher explored with fabric techniques such as: air-jet spray painting, applique and patch work, tie and dye, hand stitching and bleaching.
Media used included, acrylic paint, fast dry paint, threads, bleach, and selected found materials. The end product of the research are wall hangings which can be placed in public and private wall spaces. Based on the qualitative and explorative research design, the researcher analyzed data from both the researchers design processes and respondents point of views. The research findings reveal that Ganda artifacts have a rich cultural content that needs to be visually documented for future use by generations to come.
The recommendation of the study is a general call to visual artist to explore with the use of contemporary technique of design production in visual documentation of different cultural artifacts to promote, preserve and document their importance and existence, for this will create awareness and appreciation for Ganda cultural heritage.
Education and social change : empirical studies for the improvement of education in Eastern Africa.
(German Foundation for International Development Education, Science and Documentation Centre, 1999) Hess, Juergen
This study investigated the reasons for non-enrolment of children for Universal Primary Education (UPE) in Uganda. The central research question of the study was based on the fact that in Uganda some children who registered for UPE have still not gone to school.
The study's objective was to find out the reasons why some of the children who registered for UPE are not enrolled in school.
The study was carried out in Asuret sub-county in Soroti district. This was a descriptive qualitative study that used interviews, focus group discussions, observation and document analysis for obtaining its information. The data analysis was qualitative.
This study revealed that poverty is the main cause of non-enrolment in UPE in Asuret sub-county. Due to poverty, parents/guardians cannot afford to buy school uniforms and stationery, pay examination fees and other fees usually required by the schools. The parents advocated for an absolutely fee-free UPE programme as one of the ways of increasing enrolment rates in Asuret sub-county. This would particularly support the orphans who usually receive no financial support for school education from their guardians. This would call for the government providing uniforms, examination fees, lunch-time meals, stationery, and other school requirements.
This study recommends that in order for the orphans and children from very poor families to get education, the government should provide completely free primary education to all "its UPE children". They should also continue with its efforts to eradicate poverty in the country and to improve the teaching-learning facilities in the schools, as this would encourage parents to send their children to school. A clear policy must be rnade on the exclusion of uniforms from school requirements, and it must be ensured that schools follow this guideline.
Areas for further research include investigating the extent to which the UPE programme in Uganda has brought orphans access to education and contributed to the enrolment of girls for primary education.
Maternal depression and nutritional status of children, 5-7 years old in selected districts of southwestern Uganda
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2023-02) Ninsiima, Ruth Baketsigako
Childhood undernutrition is one of the most significant global public health problems of concern especially in developing countries. Overnutrition, however, is also slowly showing up and together with undernutrition, they may exist in the same set/ population. While many studies on undernutrition among the under-five year old children have been performed, undernutrition among children above five years or their nutritional status has received less attention in Uganda.
Diet, environment and health factors though vital to the child's poor nutrition, maternal depression may also be of importance since it reduces mothers'/ key female caregivers' ability to offer responsive child care. This study purposed to establish the extent to which maternal depression related to nutritional status (undernutrition centred on) among children 5-7 years old in Kigezi sub-region, Southwestern Uganda. The study was cross-sectional and conducted from November 2019 to February 2020 in Rukiga, Rubanda, Kabale and Kisoro districts. The 5-7- year-old child and the mother or key female care giver were the units of study. The children had been previously enrolled in the Child Nutrition and Development (CHNUDEV) project. Height for age z-scores (HAZ) and Body mass index for age z-score (BAZ) were calculated using world health organisation-WHO AnthroPlus, 2009. Undernutrition (Stunting and wasting) was determined following the Multicenter Growth Reference curves guidelines. Maternal/ key female caregivers' depression levels were measured with Beck's Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) tool. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA Corp. 2015 (STATACorpLLC, 2015) and SPSS version 22 at 95% confidence level (p < 0.05). Chi-square tests, correlation coefficients, and linear regression analyses were used to relate background variables, nutritional status indicators, and maternal depression. Of all 364 mothers/key female caregivers who were approached and consented to participating in the study with their children, 362 sets completed the study. Most women were young with a median age of 32 (IQR: 11), were less educated (69.9%). Mean (SD) HAZ and BAZ were -1.58(0.97) and 0.11 (0.80) respectively. Stunting among children was 114(31.4%) with 33 (9.0%) severely stunted. Only 2 (0.6%) were thin while 34 (9.5%) were overweight and 2 (0.6%) obese. Prevalence (P) of maternal depression was worrying, at 42.01 % (above 10 total score clinical cut-off) and about 14 % of the mothers had moderate to extreme depression. Maternal depression was inversely but not significantly associated with child undernutrition (Unadjusted β = 0.001, p=0.805). From for this study unlike in most studies among school going age children, maternal depression showed a non-significant inverse association with nutritional status of children of ages 5-7 years in rural Southwestern Uganda; even on accounting for the family factors. The short period maternal depression and respective nutritional status of dependents could not be conclusively explained. There is need to incorporate screening for and management of maternal depression in health clinics, given the level observed.