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Knowledge, attitude and practices among staff and in-patients on prevention and control of nosocomial infections at Kiruddu referral hospital, Uganda
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-07) Ekakoro, Newton
Worldwide, the number of hospitalised patients suffering from hospital acquired infections, or HAIs, is gradually increasing. Rising rates of morbidity, mortality, long-term disability, prolonged hospital stays, microbial resistance, increased healthcare costs for patients and their families, and an increase in the financial strain on the healthcare system have made it a growing public health concern that impacts both the medical community and the general public. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices among hospital staff and in-patients in the prevention and control of nosocomial infections. A cross-sectional study design with a quantitative approach was utilized in this study. A sample of 219 respondents was used for the study including 141 patients and 78 hospital staff. Questionnaires were used to obtain information from both the patients and the hospital staff. Majority 64.1% of respondents reported that used Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) should be disposed of using standard municipal disposal procedures. Majority 66.7% of hospital staff believed they had a very high risk of acquiring infections from their patients. Majority 66.0% of patients always wash hands with soap and water at the hospital. More than half of the staffs 53.8% agreed that used Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) should be discarded through regular dustbin. There was 8.209 x 106 times more likeliness to acquire nosocomial infection among the patients that felt that they don't have to wash their hands if they aren't visibly unclean than those who were not sure at a at adj. OR = 8.209 x106; 95% CI (3.112 x 106 – 2.165 x 107). Also, there was 4.227 times more likeliness to acquire nosocomial infection among the patients that felt that the cleaning staff should clean the floors of the wards twice in 24 hours’ than those that felt cleaning to be done four times in 24 hours at adj. OR = 4.227;95% CI (1.341 – 13.328). In conclusion ensuring sensitization and awareness campaigns of new and outgoing patients and hospital staff, formulation and updating policies on matters relating to hospital infections and isolation of patients in cases which have been identified could be helpful in improving the knowledge and practice towards infection prevention at the hospital.
Quantitative assessment of non-revenue water prevalence in Nyarwodho GFS in Uganda
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-11) Ocen, Charles
Studies that were conducted reported on impacts of Non-Revenue Water (NRW) on the sustainability of piped water supply systems. Millennium development goal No.7 (MDG 7) and sustainable development goal No. 6 (SDG 6) are among the many strategies adopted globally to ensure access to safe water by the global population and particularly developing countries including Africa. However, water utilities across nations have their efforts hampered by Non-Revenue Water prevalence. Narwodho GFS is a gravity flow system that abstract water from the river Namrwodho at the border between DRC and Nebbi District, and a convenctional treatment facility with 4000m3/day treatment capacity before transporting to the 9 supply zones in Nebbi and Pakwach Districts. The system is experiencing high NRW prevalence which affects service delivery. An investigation was conducted to assess and quantify NRW prevalence in the scheme in order to understand the causes of NRW hence develop mitigating strategies. Field surveys were conducted to evaluate the real situation hence develop strategies for mitigation. Billing data were obtained from the records of scheme operator while water production records were obtained from the treatment plant superintendent. Pipes were inspected to understand their characteristics including the pressure ratings and the trenching depths and their contribution to NRW prevalence in the scheme, Hydraulic modeling and analysis was conducted to understand the pipe flow behavior in contributing to NRW, and amongst the software’s used were; AutoCAD Civil 3, EpaCAD, and EPANET 2.2 for data manipulations and analysis. The employees of the scheme and water users were interviewed in order to understand the impacts of NRW on them. The findings revealed that the NRW trend in Nyarwodho GFS were; 2018 (93.36%), 2019 (80.25%), 2020 (77.79%) and 2021 (75.34%) contrary to the 39% reported by the scheme through Utility Performance Monitoring information system (UPMIS) portal, with an 18% NRW reduction was recorded in a period of four years. Pipe bursts on the transmission pipeline was observed to have contributed the most to NRW in the scheme, and this was particularly exuberated by; over supply at night, installation of low pressure rating uPVC pipes in some sections, and shallow trenching that has been made even shallower by soil erosion amongst others. Users reported intermittent supply where they spend days or weeks without water, while the scheme staffs have low remunerations due to low revenue collections. Mitigation measures were recommended to water utility providers which among others include but not limited to; regulating night supply, financial support to the utility, adopting preventive measures, good asset management, timely supply of repair materials, replacing pipes of low pressure ratings, staff capacity building, motivation of employees, rewards for reporting vandalism, regular user sensitization and engagements, involvement of local leadership and users in the affairs of water supply, and creating customer what sup group for reporting breakdowns.
Rewards and teachers’ performance in government-aided primary schools in Kira municipality, Wakiso district, Uganda
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-10) Balambula, Zakayo
This study examined the relationship between rewards and job performance of teachers in government-aided primary schools in Kira Municipality Wakiso District, Uganda. Specifically, the study examined the relationship between basic pay and job performance, determined the relationship between employee recognition and job performance of teachers, and established the relationship between job security and job performance. The study was underpinned by Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of 1959. The study adopted cross-sectional research survey design on a sample of 122 respondents that is 105 for the questionnaire and 17 for interviews. Data were collected using a questionnaire and an interview guide. Data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data analysis was done at univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels. Univariate involved computing descriptive statistics that were frequencies, percentages and means. Bivariate and multivariate analyses included correlation and regression analyses respectively. Qualitative data was done using content analysis. Both the quantitative and qualitative results indicated that basic pay, employee recognition and job security had a positive and significant influence on job performance. It was concluded that basic pay is paramount for job performance of teachers, recognition of teachers is imperative for their job performance, and job security is imperative for job performance of teachers. Therefore, it is recommended that government and others involved in the management of primary schools should devise means of enhancing teachers’ remunerations, should always recognize outstanding teachers, and should provide job security to enhance job performance of primary school teachers.
Improved learning outcomes for refugee and host community children through community participation in Adjumani district, Uganda
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-11) Olima, Martin Mamawi
The study examined community participation for improved learning outcomes of refugee and host community children in the Adjumani district of Northwestern Uganda. The objectives of the study were to analyze; the current state of community involvement in the education processes during emergencies, the proper involvement of the communities in the development and administration of the school, and the capacity of the communities to assume an increased role in the management of school/learning system and environment. The study employed a phenomenological research design and data collection used an interview guide. The findings revealed that the community participation level was failing as a result of inadequate community participation in the prioritizing and planning of education activities, which goes along with community empowerment for managing the education system. Therefore, inadequate community participation emerged as a key gap in harmonizing national and local education action plans, and community monitoring and evaluation processes were not effective. It was highly recommended to: improve all the emergency educational programs to include active community participation or involvement in the designing and planning of the school education programs in the district, effective inclusive community education committees should be guided by legitimate agreement among all important stakeholders regarding their specific duty, responsibilities, and relationships of all the assorted groups; and improve coordination composition at various level to foster the strength of community education committees (CECs) by establishing or strengthening local community based school education outcome coordination unit at the district education office for inclusive community involvement and management.
Parental influence, teacher support and students’ academic resilience in universal secondary education schools in Luwero district, Uganda
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-10) Nansamba, Justine
This study investigated the effect of parental influence on students’ academic resilience moderated by teacher support in Universal Secondary Education schools in Luwero District, Uganda. Specifically, the study examined the effect of parental influence on students’ academic resilience, assessed the influence of teacher support on students’ academic resilience, and tested the moderating role of teacher support on the effect of parental influence. Figure 1: Conceptual Framework on students’ academic resilience in Universal Secondary Education schools in Luwero District. Employing a quantitative approach, this study utilized a correlational research design. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 323 senior secondary school students, selected through simple random sampling. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), providing insights into the complex relationship between parental influence, teacher support, and students' academic resilience. The findings revealed that parental influence and teacher support had a positive and significant influence on academic resilience while parental influence moderated by teacher support had a positive but insignificant influence on academic resilience. The findings led to the conclusion that parental influence is crucial for students’ academic resilience, teacher support is essential for students’ academic resilience, and equal emphasis on parental support and teacher support does not necessarily lead to students’ academic resilience. The study recommends that Head teachers should establish programs aimed at sensitizing parents about the significant influence they have on their children's educational experiences, focusing on cultivating parental sensitivity and responsivity to learners needs, Head teachers should sensitize teachers to provide comprehensive support to learners by fostering a supportive learning environment, encouraging them to be invested in their students, showing positive regard, and be accessible, and Head teachers should prioritize parental influence over teacher support when promoting students' academic resilience, as parental influence may have a more profound impact on fostering resilience.