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Teachers’ perspectives on the implementation of inclusive education in primary schools in Masaka city, Uganda
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-04) Imalingat, Sarah
Inclusive education is widely acknowledged in policy discussions globally. Despite the fact that the change to inclusive education has compelled mainstream teachers in Uganda to take on the duty of accommodating all learners in their classes, research indicates that a large number of teachers have different perspectives towards inclusive education. The study aimed at examining teachers’ perspectives on inclusive education in Masaka City, Uganda. It was guided by three objectives: to establish teachers’ perceptions and attitudes towards inclusive education; to explore challenges teachers face in the implementation of inclusive education; and to examine how teachers cope with the challenges affecting the implementation of inclusive education. The study used a qualitative approach for data collection and analysis using a phenomenological design. 16 teachers participated in the study. These were purposively selected from UPE schools in Kimaanya-Kabonera and Nyendo-Mukungwe Divisions, Masaka City. Data was gathered using interview and FGD guides whereas data analysis was thematic in nature. The findings of the study revealed that teachers' perceptions and attitudes toward inclusive education in UPE schools varied depending on whether they had knowledge or skills in special needs education or not. Teachers with knowledge and skills had positive perceptions and attitudes since they understood how to manage and teach learners with special needs whereas those who lacked such knowledge and skills had negative attitudes and perceptions about it. Regarding the challenges faced in the implementation of inclusive education, the findings revealed that teachers had negative attitude towards the program, lacked training in special needs education, lacked the meaning of inclusive education concept, high teacher-pupil ratio, inaccessible school physical environment, lacked appropriate instructional materials and equipment, poor facilitation by the government, and lack of parental involvement in the education of learners with special needs. However, the results also revealed that teachers coped with such, and related challenges by involving in refresher courses, guidance and counseling of low-self-esteem learners with special needs, modification of the available instructional materials and resources, remedial teaching, and differentiation of learners’ activities. Therefore, the study recommended for training of all teachers in special needs education across all UPE schools offering inclusive education in Masaka City through workshops, construction of more classrooms and employing more teachers to accommodate the large number of pupils that include those with special needs, providing modified teaching materials such as Braille, Braille papers, availing sign language interpreters to all UPE schools in Masaka City, and sensitizing parents to always take a key role in the education of their children with special needs through parents-teachers meetings.
Effect of employee engagement on organizational citizenship behavior within non-government organizations in Uganda : a case of USAID sites Uganda
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-10) Nangobi, Hilda
The study aimed to assess the effect of employee engagement on organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) at USAID Sites (Strategic Information and Technical support) Organization. The specific objectives included: examining the effect of challenging tasks on OCB, establishing the effect of decision-making processes on OCB, and assessing the effect of access to information on OCB at USAID sites Organization. The study used a cross-sectional survey design incorporating qualitative and quantitative research methods. The study population comprised employees at USAID sites (Strategic Information and Technical Support). A sample size of 92 employees was utilized, consisting of 83 respondents for structured interviews and 9 Heads of Departments (HODs) for key informant interviews. Respondents were selected through a combination of simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Data analysis encompassed univariate, bivariate, and multivariate levels. To investigate the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable, a multiple linear regression model was applied. The findings revealed a significant positive effect of challenging tasks on OCB at USAID Sites (B=0.037, P-value=0.001<0.05). The study's investigations also identified a positive and statistically significant influence of decision-making processes on OCB at USAID Sites (B=0.063, P-value=0.002<0.05). Furthermore, the investigation revealed a significant positive effect of access to information on OCB at USAID Sites (B=0.871, P-value=0.000<0.05). In conclusion, it is evident that challenging tasks, decision-making processes, and access to information play instrumental roles in fostering effective OCB at USAID Sites Organization. For recommendations, the organization should implement initiatives to enrich tasks by providing employees with challenging assignments that encourage critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity. This could involve regular skill-building workshops and opportunities for cross-functional collaboration. Enhance transparency in communication channels related to decision-making processes. This involves clearly articulating the rationale behind decisions, providing updates, and ensuring that information is accessible to all employees. Implement strategies to enhance the accessibility of relevant information for all employees. This may involve improving digital platforms, creating centralized repositories, and ensuring timely dissemination of information.
Knowledge, attitude and practices among staff and in-patients on prevention and control of nosocomial infections at Kiruddu referral hospital, Uganda
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-07) Ekakoro, Newton
Worldwide, the number of hospitalised patients suffering from hospital acquired infections, or HAIs, is gradually increasing. Rising rates of morbidity, mortality, long-term disability, prolonged hospital stays, microbial resistance, increased healthcare costs for patients and their families, and an increase in the financial strain on the healthcare system have made it a growing public health concern that impacts both the medical community and the general public. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices among hospital staff and in-patients in the prevention and control of nosocomial infections. A cross-sectional study design with a quantitative approach was utilized in this study. A sample of 219 respondents was used for the study including 141 patients and 78 hospital staff. Questionnaires were used to obtain information from both the patients and the hospital staff. Majority 64.1% of respondents reported that used Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) should be disposed of using standard municipal disposal procedures. Majority 66.7% of hospital staff believed they had a very high risk of acquiring infections from their patients. Majority 66.0% of patients always wash hands with soap and water at the hospital. More than half of the staffs 53.8% agreed that used Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) should be discarded through regular dustbin. There was 8.209 x 106 times more likeliness to acquire nosocomial infection among the patients that felt that they don't have to wash their hands if they aren't visibly unclean than those who were not sure at a at adj. OR = 8.209 x106; 95% CI (3.112 x 106 – 2.165 x 107). Also, there was 4.227 times more likeliness to acquire nosocomial infection among the patients that felt that the cleaning staff should clean the floors of the wards twice in 24 hours’ than those that felt cleaning to be done four times in 24 hours at adj. OR = 4.227;95% CI (1.341 – 13.328). In conclusion ensuring sensitization and awareness campaigns of new and outgoing patients and hospital staff, formulation and updating policies on matters relating to hospital infections and isolation of patients in cases which have been identified could be helpful in improving the knowledge and practice towards infection prevention at the hospital.
Quantitative assessment of non-revenue water prevalence in Nyarwodho GFS in Uganda
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-11) Ocen, Charles
Studies that were conducted reported on impacts of Non-Revenue Water (NRW) on the sustainability of piped water supply systems. Millennium development goal No.7 (MDG 7) and sustainable development goal No. 6 (SDG 6) are among the many strategies adopted globally to ensure access to safe water by the global population and particularly developing countries including Africa. However, water utilities across nations have their efforts hampered by Non-Revenue Water prevalence. Narwodho GFS is a gravity flow system that abstract water from the river Namrwodho at the border between DRC and Nebbi District, and a convenctional treatment facility with 4000m3/day treatment capacity before transporting to the 9 supply zones in Nebbi and Pakwach Districts. The system is experiencing high NRW prevalence which affects service delivery. An investigation was conducted to assess and quantify NRW prevalence in the scheme in order to understand the causes of NRW hence develop mitigating strategies. Field surveys were conducted to evaluate the real situation hence develop strategies for mitigation. Billing data were obtained from the records of scheme operator while water production records were obtained from the treatment plant superintendent. Pipes were inspected to understand their characteristics including the pressure ratings and the trenching depths and their contribution to NRW prevalence in the scheme, Hydraulic modeling and analysis was conducted to understand the pipe flow behavior in contributing to NRW, and amongst the software’s used were; AutoCAD Civil 3, EpaCAD, and EPANET 2.2 for data manipulations and analysis. The employees of the scheme and water users were interviewed in order to understand the impacts of NRW on them. The findings revealed that the NRW trend in Nyarwodho GFS were; 2018 (93.36%), 2019 (80.25%), 2020 (77.79%) and 2021 (75.34%) contrary to the 39% reported by the scheme through Utility Performance Monitoring information system (UPMIS) portal, with an 18% NRW reduction was recorded in a period of four years. Pipe bursts on the transmission pipeline was observed to have contributed the most to NRW in the scheme, and this was particularly exuberated by; over supply at night, installation of low pressure rating uPVC pipes in some sections, and shallow trenching that has been made even shallower by soil erosion amongst others. Users reported intermittent supply where they spend days or weeks without water, while the scheme staffs have low remunerations due to low revenue collections. Mitigation measures were recommended to water utility providers which among others include but not limited to; regulating night supply, financial support to the utility, adopting preventive measures, good asset management, timely supply of repair materials, replacing pipes of low pressure ratings, staff capacity building, motivation of employees, rewards for reporting vandalism, regular user sensitization and engagements, involvement of local leadership and users in the affairs of water supply, and creating customer what sup group for reporting breakdowns.
Rewards and teachers’ performance in government-aided primary schools in Kira municipality, Wakiso district, Uganda
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-10) Balambula, Zakayo
This study examined the relationship between rewards and job performance of teachers in government-aided primary schools in Kira Municipality Wakiso District, Uganda. Specifically, the study examined the relationship between basic pay and job performance, determined the relationship between employee recognition and job performance of teachers, and established the relationship between job security and job performance. The study was underpinned by Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory of 1959. The study adopted cross-sectional research survey design on a sample of 122 respondents that is 105 for the questionnaire and 17 for interviews. Data were collected using a questionnaire and an interview guide. Data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data analysis was done at univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels. Univariate involved computing descriptive statistics that were frequencies, percentages and means. Bivariate and multivariate analyses included correlation and regression analyses respectively. Qualitative data was done using content analysis. Both the quantitative and qualitative results indicated that basic pay, employee recognition and job security had a positive and significant influence on job performance. It was concluded that basic pay is paramount for job performance of teachers, recognition of teachers is imperative for their job performance, and job security is imperative for job performance of teachers. Therefore, it is recommended that government and others involved in the management of primary schools should devise means of enhancing teachers’ remunerations, should always recognize outstanding teachers, and should provide job security to enhance job performance of primary school teachers.