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Spouse support, socio-economic status and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among patients attending art services in Butabika hospital, Kampala Uganda
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-09) Nabulya, Victoria
This study assessed the con-elation between support from the spouse and adherence to ART and how socio-economic status modified this relationship. Using a cross-sectional survey, data was collected from 268 patients on ART in Butabika hospital, being aided by a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing the data mainly through Pearson correlation and regression analysis. It was revealed that instrumental support was strongly and significantly (r =. 65, P
Straw and water management in rice production systems in lira district, Uganda
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-10) Apiou, David
About half of the world's population is fed by rice, and the crop produces about one billion tons of straw residue annually. In fact, rice production is anticipated to rise dramatically in the near future to feed the world's expanding population. On the other hand, water which is a major factor in rice production is becoming scarcer and more competitive on a global scale. Almost two third of water supply has been used for irrigated agriculture and roughly thirty percent of all irrigated land is used for rice production, making it the most common irrigated crop in agriculture. These therefore make rice straw management and water management regimes in rice production a global challenge. Improper management of rice straw and water management regimes limit rice production. The main objective of the study was to identify the most efficient and effective rice straw disposal and water management strategies for sustainable rice production. The specific objectives were: 1) to determine the effects of straw management on rice grain yield in Lira district, Northern Uganda, and 2) to assess the effects of water management regimes on rice grain yield in Lira district, Northern Uganda. Both experiments were conducted in Itek Sub County, Lira district, Northern Uganda during the second and first season of 2021 and 2022 respectively. The experimental design for the two experiments were randomized complete block design arranged as split plots with three replications. For objective 1, a total of four treatments were evaluated, which included subjecting two rice varieties (i.e. PR1 07 and Namche 5) under two rice straw management regimes (i.e. rice straw incorporation (RRI) and rice straw removal (RRR)) for their effects on rice growth and grain yields. In the second objective, a total of six treatments were evaluated whereby the effects of alternate wetting and drying (AWD), continuous flooding (CF), and continuous drying (CD) on grain yield of K5 and PRl 07 rice varieties were assessed. The result of the assessment revealed that incorporation or removal of rice straw had minimal effect on rice growth, biomass and yield with mean straw and yield of 3.2 t/ha and 2.4 t/ha respectively, irrespective of season and treatment. However, rice growth biomass and yield depended on variety and season. Except for height, the average number of tillers (11.6) and number of panicles (121.6) produced by PR107 rice variety was significantly higher than that produced by Namche 5 (number of tillers= 8.5), number of panicles= 69.0). The height of Namche 5 variety (0.73m) was significantly higher than that of PR1 07 (0.69 m). The results of yield assessment further revealed that the rice variety PR107 produced a significantly higher tonnage of straw (4.2 t/ha) and grain yield (3.3 t/ha) than Namche 5 straw (2.2 t/ha) and grain yield (1.5 t/ha).
For both variables, the weight of rice straw and rice grain yield that were obtained in the second season were significantly higher than that recorded in the first season. Similarly, the sh1dy showed that various water management regimes had no significant effect on growth and yield of two rice varieties.
There was no significant difference in grain yield among treatments (P>0.05). Treatment with CD realized average highest grain yield across seasons. K5 performed better than PR107 under scarce water resource (first season). In conclusion, the greatest grain yield under CD treatments for both seasons present farmers a chance to enhance rice grain output despite limited irrigation water due to climate change.
The interplay of learning and worklife experiences : a case of job creation by small and medium enterprises (SMEs}in Kampala- Uganda
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2011-01) Bamutire, Esther
This research was intended to study the interplay between learning and work life experiences, taking a case of job creation by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Kampala. SMEs create employment, thereby reducing unemployment, which is a problem in Uganda, and affects both the educated and those that are not. In most cases many people keep looking for employment and when they do not find it they remain unemployed. Many of these people have skills, but they are not able to use them to create employment for themselves. The experiences of successful SME entrepreneurs could strengthen formal education, to reduce the problem of unemployment. This is a significant study because the lessons learned from it can lead to improvement in education and encourage people to start employment for themselves and for others, leading to a reduction in the unemployment problem, which is rampant in Uganda.
The study was carried out on five Enterprises which were selected from various SMEs that attended a workshop organized by the Private Sector Foundation of Uganda in March 2010 for SMEs. These included a manufacturer of energy-saving stoves and cooking systems, a beekeeping equipment manufacture, a mushroom grower, a furniture company and a producer of herbal products. Information was gathered through carrying out interviews and observation. The study gave rise to a number of findings and these included the following. One does not need to have the technical knowledge to be able to start an enterprise. Much can be accomplished through other people. Some enterprises develop from people's hobbies, even without prior intention to turn them into enterprises. In order to create employment it is important to be creative and to put into practice knowledge acquired. People who intend to start enterprises should start early, when they are still young and energetic because it is very demanding. Integrity is very essential if one is to succeed in self -employment and it should be cultivated right from an early age and in school. Education is very important in job creation, even in cases where people start enterprises from using skills they acquired from elsewhere other than from school. Also, networking and social skills are essential in enterprise. People can start enterprises even without a lot of funds. It is very possible to start small and grow over time.
A number of recommendations were made, including the following. Learners in various fields should not only be equipped with technical skills but rather, other skills such as social skills need to be developed. In addition, attention should also be paid to their gifting and hobbies because these can reward their carrier. Opportunities should be created for teachers and students in institutions to learn from entrepreneurs' experiences. Creativity should also be promoted in the course of training so that learners can be able to think and come up with enterprises, even after they leave school. They should be able to use the knowledge, skills and resources they have productively.
In conclusion, job creation can be achieved by many more people than is the case today. There is need for flexibility on the part of people who seek employment, especially those who are educated. There are many opportunities around us and knowledge in various forms. Thus, the knowledge and skills acquired should be put into practice to create jobs, and this can lead to reduction in the unemployment problem.
Economic integration and private investment : a case Study of the East African Community (EAC)
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-03) Tibihika, Amon
Economic integration necessitates the removal of trade barriers within the union, as well as the imposition of common trade barriers. All this has been linked to potential GDP growth and growth in private investment (Martin-Mayoral et al., 2016). Therefore, this study conducts an empirical examination of the impact of Economic integration on Private investment in the East African Community in 5 selected partner countries. Additionally, it aims to examine the effect of some selected macroeconomic variables, such as taxes, inflation, domestic credit, and real interest rate on Private Investment in the EAC member states.
The research utilizes panel data obtained from secondary sources covering a period of 1990 to 2021 in five partner nations of the East African Community. The primary source of data for this study was the World Bank Development Indicators database.
The study extends the investment model by Jorgenson (1967) which is based on the assumption that firms aim to maximize their profits by choosing the optimal level of investment that balances the expected returns on investment with the cost of capital. And Regional economic integration theory by (Viner, 2014) argues that the drive for regional integration goes beyond just the elimination of tariff barriers. Analytically, the panel data technique of fixed effects is used for the empirical analysis as guided by the Hausman Test. Economic integration was found to have a positive and significant effect on private investment at 1 percent level of significance in the EAC region. The coefficient of Economic integration means that when Countries join EAC, they are predicted to register higher private investments of about 13 percent more than before joining keeping other factors constant. In addition, Inflation had a positive and significant effect on private investment. In contrast, real interest rates had a negative effect, though significant effect on Private investment. However, credit and taxes had no significant effect on private investment. Based on these facts, the report suggests that East African Community (EAC) members should encourage more member Countries to join the (EAC). If Countries join resources, they are able to have a conducive environment for private investment. EAC Members should also establish a united East African Development Bank that can provide credit to private investors at very low-interest rates as is the case with developed Countries. Central Banks should adopt appropriate monetary policies to keep inflation moderate.
Agrarian evolution on wetlands in Kampala district 1900-2010
(Kyambogo University (Unpublished work), 2024-06) Mubene, Eriya
The study discusses the Agrarian evolution on wetlands of in Kampala District from 1900 2010.This is done by looking forward to examining the genesis of agrarian evolution on wetlands of Kinawataka, Luzira and Lubigi in Kampala, discussing the reasons for rapid transition of wetlands into agrarian spaces in Kampala as well as analysing the impact of agrarian evolution on wetlands in Kampala. To achieve these objectives, the research deployed a qualitative approach of data collection and analysis where data was collected using oral interviews from residents of Kinawataka, Luzira and Lubigi as well as key informants. Documentary review and observation were also used. Findings reveal that before colonialism, there was less encroachment on wetlands but events went on evolving from 1900 onwards as the colonialists took over uplands for administration and urbanisation pushing nationals around Kampala to wetlands for cultivation. In the immediate post-colonial Kampala (1960s to 1990), wetlands were not threatened by agrarian practices as much as they became in the late 1980s, through the 1990s and the 21st century.
Findings point to dynamics of urbanisation, political violence, increased population and reluctance of the legal regime have facilitated the escalation of agrarian practices in Kinawataka, Luzira and Lubigi wetlands. Findings further show that as population in Kampala City grows, there is a number of people who have turned wetlands into urban farms as an alternative source of food, income and general livelihood because they are incapacitated to buy food on daily basis. Therefore, as agrarian practices evolve in Kampala wetlands overtime not as root practices but as induced practices by a number of push and pull factors, there is need for comprehensive approach to promote a peaceful co-existence between human agrarian practices and the ecosystem of wetlands.
Implications and policy recommendations are therein indicated by the study. However, although the current study has investigated the genesis of agrarian evolution on wetlands in Kampala District, the reasons for rapid transition of wetlands into agrarian centres as well as the effects of agrarian evolution, its time scope is limited to 2010. Thus, leaving a knowledge gap on events that have evolved in the last decade regarding agrarian evolution on wetlands in Kampala to-date. Additionally, there is need to do more research on the history of institutional framework for wetland conservation in Kampala, a study on historical accounts on the impact of traditional control systems for land use on the conservation of wetlands in Kampala, a study seeking an examination of the impact of colonial legacy on land use systems on wetlands of Kampala.