Journal Articleshttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12504/832024-03-29T05:30:58Z2024-03-29T05:30:58ZCOVIDiStress diverse dataset on psychological and behavioural outcomes one year into the COVID-19 pandemicangélique, M. BlackburnSara, VestergrenThe COVIDiStRESS II Consortiumhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12504/16182024-02-24T00:10:55Z2022-01-01T00:00:00ZCOVIDiStress diverse dataset on psychological and behavioural outcomes one year into the COVID-19 pandemic
angélique, M. Blackburn; Sara, Vestergren; The COVIDiStRESS II Consortium
During the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the COVIDiSTRESS Consortium launched an open-access
global survey to understand and improve individuals’ experiences related to the crisis. a year later,
we extended this line of research by launching a new survey to address the dynamic landscape of the
pandemic. this survey was released with the goal of addressing diversity, equity, and inclusion by
working with over 150 researchers across the globe who collected data in 48 languages and dialects
across 137 countries. The resulting cleaned dataset described here includes 15,740 of over 20,000
responses. the dataset allows cross-cultural study of psychological wellbeing and behaviours a year
into the pandemic. It includes measures of stress, resilience, vaccine attitudes, trust in government and
scientists, compliance, and information acquisition and misperceptions regarding COVID-19. Open-
access raw and cleaned datasets with computed scores are available. Just as our initial COVIDiStRESS
dataset has facilitated government policy decisions regarding health crises, this dataset can be used by
researchers and policy makers to inform research, decisions, and policy.
2022-01-01T00:00:00ZField-based methods for measuring greenhouse gases emissions from on-site sanitation systems: A systematic review of published literaturePrativa, PoudelAnish, GhimireGuy, HowardBarbara, EvansMiller, Camargo-Valero A.Freya, MillsOlivia, ReddySubodh, SharmaSarana, TuladharAbraham, GeremewKenan, OkurutBaba, NgomManish, BaidyaSheila, Dangolhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12504/14702023-10-25T07:16:36Z2023-04-01T00:00:00ZField-based methods for measuring greenhouse gases emissions from on-site sanitation systems: A systematic review of published literature
Prativa, Poudel; Anish, Ghimire; Guy, Howard; Barbara, Evans; Miller, Camargo-Valero A.; Freya, Mills; Olivia, Reddy; Subodh, Sharma; Sarana, Tuladhar; Abraham, Geremew; Kenan, Okurut; Baba, Ngom; Manish, Baidya; Sheila, Dangol
On-site sanitation systems (OSS) are a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although ef-
forts have been made recently to measure and quantify emissions from septic tanks using various
field-based methods, the vast majority of published literature reporting GHG emissions from OSS
units (e.g., pits and tanks) is based on non-empirical evidence. This systematic review presents an
overview and limitations of field-based methods used for the quantification of GHG emissions
from OSS. Papers published in English were searched in three databases: Google Scholar,
PubMed, and Directory of Articles and Journals. Peer-reviewed papers that reported field-based
methods applied to containment units in OSS were included in this study. Only eight out of
2085 papers met the inclusion criteria with septic tanks as the sole technology reported and were
thus, considered for the review. Most of the studies have been conducted in middle- and high-
income countries. Field-based measurements of GHGs are conducted using a flux chamber (FC)
and the most commonly used FC methods are (a) the modified simple static FC, (b) automated
static FC, and (c) floating FC. Data reported in published studies do not provide sufficient in-
formation on the calibration and validation of the results from the FCs used. The complex FC
designs, laborious fieldwork operations, and reliance on expensive, specialist equipment, suggest
that such methods may not be suitable in Low and Middle-Income countries (LMICs), where re-
sources and access to laboratory facilities are limited. Also, the complexity of pits and tank ty-
pology in LMICs (i.e., unstandardised designs and sizes) may be a challenge to the use of FCs with
fixed dimensions and set operational conditions. The variation in the quantification methods and resulting emission rates among the studies indicates that gaps prevail in the use of existing
methods. Therefore, there is still a need for a simple field-based, easily adaptable FC method with
adequate calibration and validation that can help in reliably quantifying the emissions from
different OSS in any LMICs.
2023-04-01T00:00:00ZThe potential for citizen science to improve the reach of sanitary inspectionsJo, HerschanRichard, KingTheresa, MkandawireKenan, OkurutDan, J. LapworthRosalind, MalcolmKatherine, Pondhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12504/14552023-10-17T00:13:17Z2020-10-01T00:00:00ZThe potential for citizen science to improve the reach of sanitary inspections
Jo, Herschan; Richard, King; Theresa, Mkandawire; Kenan, Okurut; Dan, J. Lapworth; Rosalind, Malcolm; Katherine, Pond
To achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6, universal and equitable access to
safe and affordable drinking-water quality and sanitation for all, and 10, to reduce inequality within
and among countries, additional and urgent work is required. Efforts to achieve these Goals in the
context of small drinking-water supplies, which are the furthest behind in regards to progress, are of
particular need. Reasons for this disparity in progress include the remoteness of access to small
drinking-water supplies and the lack of technical and financial capacity for monitoring supplies.
The World Health Organization promote the use of Sanitary inspection (SI) as an on-site assessment of
risk. Despite the potential to increase the body of knowledge and information on supplies in a region,
there has been limited research into the role of citizen science and SIs. To meet SDG targets, we need
to improve the reach of SIs. This study uses a mixed methods approach of quantitative on-site SI
data collection and remote SI data collection via photographic images, together with qualitative
data collection, collected by non-expert students, who are citizens of Malawi, as well as a panel of
experts in the field of SI. Results indicate that, although further research into the topic is required
prior to widescale implementation, the potential exists for citizens to conduct SI, with remote expert
verification of the results using photographic images of supplies. Further documentation or guidance
is required to support citizens in this process. The results highlight a critical gap in the availability
of appropriate documentation for unprotected spring sources which is urgently required. The use
of citizen science for SI data collection is in its infancy. However, this study indicates that there is
potential to explore the use of citizen science in this area, which will contribute to achieving SDGs 6
and 10.
2020-10-01T00:00:00ZProgress of using risk assessment to manage small drinking-water supplies in Rwanda: a preliminary studyJo, HerschanAime, TsindaKenan, OkurutRosalind, MalcolmDaniel, J. LapworthKatherine, Pondhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12504/14542023-10-17T00:01:31Z2023-03-01T00:00:00ZProgress of using risk assessment to manage small drinking-water supplies in Rwanda: a preliminary study
Jo, Herschan; Aime, Tsinda; Kenan, Okurut; Rosalind, Malcolm; Daniel, J. Lapworth; Katherine, Pond
The World Health Organization promotes risk assessment and risk management through Water Safety Plans (WSPs) as the most effective way to manage drinking-water supplies. Despite proven advantages of this approach in other regions, WSPs are still not widely used across small drinking-water supplies in Sub Saharan Africa. The aim of this research is to identify good practices and related gaps which may assist with formal uptake of WSPs for small drinking-water supplies in Rwanda. Through semi-structured interviews with the key stakeholders involved in small drinking-water supply management across Rwanda, the aim is achieved through the investigation of the following: (i) current drinking-water management challenges; (ii) stakeholder collaboration and data management activities including reporting of information; and (iii) the regulatory and policy environment. The use and awareness of WSPs in Rwanda was confirmed as low. However certain drinking-water management activities which align with the WSP methodology are being carried out. These include catchment management and stakeholder collaboration. Although legislation and policy are in place in Rwanda, communication and training of methods to implement WSPs are required to sustainably embed WSPs into practice. Several elements, including community engagement, systematic review of risks and data management, require greater focus to align with the WSP methodology. Respondents highlighted key drinking-water management challenges, including reactive budgeting and lack of sector prioritization, which could benefit from formal WSP implementation.
2023-03-01T00:00:00Z