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E-learning
(Springer, 2025-02) Wilson, Mugizi; Judith Irene Nagasha
In this chapter, we elucidate the state of E-learning and the way forward in higher education in Africa. We look at E-learning as an emerging discipline, the progress achieved in education through the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and specifically the Internet, the multiple definitions that have emerged during the past few decades, and the advance in the uptake in African institutions of higher education to suggest a way forward. Since this chapter is an exploration of the state of the field, it is a critical review. The chapter familiarizes stakeholders in education with current knowledge and trends in E-learning in higher education in Africa. This offers an understanding of the progress, the steps taken to implement E-learning, and the way forward. The pertinent question that emerges is the following: Why evaluate E-learning in African higher education? The answer to this question is a simple one. Basically, since the education landscape worldwide has changed following the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which made E-learning a requirement, and is no longer a peculiar way providing education by specific institutions and departments, mainly those offering distance education, stakeholders in higher education in Africa have to take steps to fully integrate E-learning in teaching and learning. This chapter provides insights for the implementation of E-learning in higher institutions of education in Africa. But, in order to do this effectively, we deem it very important to show how E-learning has conceptualized the continent.
Unemployment and the informal economy in Uganda: An empirical investigation
(Forum for Economic and Financial Studies, 2025-02-27) Stephen, Esaku; Salmon Mugoda
This paper investigates the relationship between unemployment and the informal economy in Uganda. Using annual time series data from Uganda, covering the period from 1991 to 2017, we apply the ARDL method to investigate this relationship. The results indicate a positive and statistically significant relationship between unemployment and the shadow economy in both the long- and short-run. This implies that an increase in unemployment increases the shadow economy in both the long- and short-run. These findings reveal that a high level of unemployment is detrimental to the formal economy since it spurs informal sector activities in both the short-and long-run. These results suggest that any attempt to regulate unemployment without tackling informal sector activities may not succeed unless they are addressed simultaneously. Furthermore, the results also imply that curbing informality requires implementing fiscal, economic and political reforms aimed at ensuring proper functioning of the business environment.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religious leaders in Uganda
(Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 2025-02) Alexander, Paul I.; Joy Isabirye Mukisa
The COVID-19 pandemic has been devastating for all categories and communities of people the world over. Its impact on religious practice, religious congregants, and all mankind has been profound. Precursory studies have underscored the significant contribution of religious leaders in mitigating the pandemic. However, few studies exist on the impact of the pandemic upon clerics in their own right as individuals and frontline agents in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, religious leaders are not distinct from other categories of persons and are, therefore, not exonerated from the effects of the pandemic. It examines their contact with the disease, and how they were affected in carrying out COVID-19 mitigating measures. Using qualitative methods of enquiry, forty religious leaders from Christian denominations and the Islamic faith formed the study population. It was established that religious leaders experienced physical, psychological, and socio-economic hardships emanating from their personal experience of the disease on one hand and as societies’ frontline mitigating agents against the pandemic on the other. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among clerics in Uganda varied according to religious affiliation, gender, and rural-urban divide. In attempts to provide auxiliary support to mitigate the pandemic and attend to their own struggles, clerics suffered a double tragedy of trauma. The pandemic experience also changed clerics’ opinions as they attempted to manage and adapt to the situation.
Impact of microcredit on performance of women-owned non-farm microenterprises
(Review of Development Economics, 2025-02-15) Faith, Muyonga M. N; Gerrit Antonides; Johan van Ophem
This study evaluates microcredit outcomes in Uganda, where non-farm enterprises are critical for complementing farming incomes and diversifying livelihoods. It investigates the effects of microcredit on the performance of non-farm microenterprises (MEs) run by female small-holder farmers, using quasi-experimental cross-sectional and panel designs. The average loan amount was $278, while the monetary worth of MEs for old borrowers (OBs) and new borrowers (NBs) were $280 and $184, respectively. Propensity score matching (PSM) revealed a 24% and 47% increase in funds used to restock and in ME monetary value, respectively, but no differences in ME profits. Difference-in-difference analysis (DiD) over 1 year showed improvements in ME monetary value and employee numbers but no effect on profits, trade expenses, or restocking. Across both methods, no improvement in ME profit levels was observed. However, the increase in monetary worth suggests potential profit growth over time. The borrowing context, repayment terms, and the type and size of MEs appeared to limit profitability. This study highlights the importance of understanding microcredit impacts in contexts where non-farm enterprises are pivotal to rural livelihoods.
Determinants of carbon dioxide emissions: role of renewable energy consumption, economic growth, urbanization and governance
(2025-02-11) Jacob, Otim; Susan Watundu; John Mutenyo; Vincent Bagire
CO2 emissions continue to raise development and scholarly concerns yet the factors influencing these emissions remain inadequately and variedly addressed. Using a panel of East African Community (EAC) countries, we revisit and test the drivers of CO2 emissions, and the causal relationship between governance, renewable energy consumption, economic growth, urbanization, and CO2 emissions. Framed on the STIRPAT model, results show that the inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets hypothesis is valid for all the EAC countries. Findings from long-run CO2 emissions elasticity of urbanization is robust and indicates that urbanization has a significant positive impact on the environmental degradation of approximately 85% of the countries studied. Conversely, the consumption of renewable energy and the presence of good governance both contribute to a reduction in CO2 emissions, thereby enhancing environmental quality. Besides, economic growth and governance Granger cause CO2 emissions. Our assessment infers that investing in renewable energies and promoting good governance are crucial for reducing emissions. Additionally, the study provides important policy recommendations that can help East African Community countries achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.